Kava (Piper methysticum) is an herb with sedating properties. It is popular in the Pacific Islands as a social intoxicant and is used traditionally in a manner similar to alcohol. Kava causes changes in the mind and body, with physical effects including slowed respiration and heart rate. Kava has a variety of psychoactive properties, some of which can be useful in treating psychological disorders such as anxiety.
Euphoria
Kava can cause a mild sense of euphoria in some users. It increases levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the same neurotransmitter targeted by anti-anxiety medicines such as clonazepam and diazepam. This can result in feelings of relaxation and reduced inhibitions similar to those caused by alcohol and other sedating substances.
Drowsiness
In modest doses, kava generally causes feelings of relaxation, while larger doses are more likely to cause drowsiness and sedation. Because it slows respiration and other bodily processes, kava can also lead to slowed cognitive function and eventual sedation. Other effects can include vivid dreams and drowsiness lasting up to 12 hours after ingestion.
Local Anesthesia
Because of the anesthetic effects of its main psychoactive alkaloids--kavain and dihydrokavain--kava root tea can cause temporary numbness of the lips and tongue. Kava in supplement form is not associated with this effect because it does not come into contact with the mouth for significant periods of time, though it can cause feelings of numbness in the stomach.
Decreased Anxiety
The main medicinal use of kava to be studied in the United States is its treatment of anxiety. According to Science Daily, kava is a viable option for treating anxiety and might be less likely to cause unwanted side effects than some prescription anxiety medications. The FDA considers kava to be a grade A anxiety treatment, meaning its use is supported by strong scientific evidence, according to the National Institutes of Health. Kava in pill form is generally used for treating anxiety due to the convenience and precise dosing this method allows. The average dose of kava for treating anxiety is between 50 to 250mg per day. New users should start with the lowest effective dose to reduce the risk of unpleasant such as nausea or dizziness.
Adverse Effects
Like all supplements, kava can cause side effects. While not all users experience adverse effects, nausea, dizziness and blurred vision can occur while taking kava.
Kava's effect on the neurotransmitter GABA can result in dysphoria characterized by feelings of sadness, agitation or low mood. These side effects might be more likely to occur with higher doses and in people with mental disorders such as depression. According to Drug Information Online, patients with liver or kidney disease, Parkinson's disease or depression should avoid using kava, as it can worsen these conditions.
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