Family planning methods range from the withdrawal method, in which sexual intercourse is interrupted before completion, to surgical sterilization procedures. Each method has its benefits and drawbacks, and couples should choose a method based on their particular circumstances.
Condoms and Diaphragms
Condoms are available for both men and women. Male condoms, according to Planned Parenthood, are safe, effective, convenient, and inexpensive, but they are not always used correctly and there is a small chance of pregnancy. Spermicide increases their effectiveness. Female condoms are plastic pouches inserted into the vagina. Like male condoms, they can help reduce the risk of sexually transmitted diseases, and there is a risk of pregnancy if they are used incorrectly. Diaphragms are shallow cups, also inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix.
Pills, Patches, Rings and Injections
According to both Planned Parenthood and the World Health Organization, these methods are more effective than condoms and diaphragms at preventing pregnancy. Birth control pills, taken daily by women to prevent pregnancy, have several other benefits, including protection against acne, ovarian cysts and endometrial and ovarian cancers. Birth control patches are put on the skin once a week for three weeks followed by a week with no patch. Patches work using the same hormones as those found in birth control pills. Vaginal rings deliver these hormones through a small flexible ring inserted into the vagina. Depo-Provera, a birth control injection, lasts for three months, and is, according to Planned Parenthood, "one of the most effective methods of birth control available."
Implants, IUDs and Surgery
These birth control methods are the most effective at preventing pregnancy. Implanon is a thin plastic implant that protects against pregnancy for up to three years. Less than 1 in 100 women will get pregnant when using Implanon. Having Implanon inserted costs between $400 and $800. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are small devices inserted into the uterus. They can last for up to 12 years. Sterilization for women and vasectomy for men are nearly 100 percent effective in preventing pregnancy, and are good options for couples not planning to have children in the future.
Withdrawal and Spermicides
Withdrawal, or the pullout method, is used by approximately 35 million couples worldwide, It is one of the least effective methods of birth control, with pregnancy rates reaching as high as 27 out of 100. Spermicides are not very effective when used alone, but are useful in combination with other birth control methods, such as condoms.
