Anorexia is an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and extreme thinness. Anorexia, like all eating disorders, involves addictive behaviors. In recent years, anorexia and alcoholism occurring simultaneously has reaped attention and concern from professionals who treat the disorders. If you or a loved one exhibits signs of anorexia or alcoholism, seek guidance from a qualified professional. The conditions, though complex, are treatable.
Prevalence
People with eating disorders become addicted to their dietary and weight loss behaviors. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), anorexia affects approximately 1 percent of young and adolescent women in the United States. While a correlation between anorexia and substance abuse is known, findings are mixed regarding its prevalence. Sufferers of anorexia often develop other eating disorders, such as bulimia, throughout the course of their illness, which may increase the likelihood of developing addiction to substances such as alcohol at some point during their illness.
Function
People with anorexia may drink rather than eat, a condition known colloquially as "drunk anorexia." According to an article published in the "New York Times" on March 2, 2008, "drunk anorexics" are typically college-age women who starve during the day in order to partake in binge-drinking at night. Women with anorexia may drink alcohol as a means of calming their anxiety regarding food prior to eating or reap most or all of their calories from alcoholic beverages.
Risks
Anorexia can lead to exhaustion, fatigue, severe dehydration, heart complication and even death. According to the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), eating disorders are not merely "fads" or "phases," but serious, complex disorders that can have devastating effects on a person's productivity, relationships, emotional well-being and physical health. In addition, anorexia holds the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric diseases. Add alcoholism to the equation and the potential risks associated with anorexia magnify. Alcoholism can lead to organ damage, bone-density loss and heart complications--risks also associated with anorexia. When a person eats too little, alcohol's effects are amplified, increasing the risk for alcohol-related accidents and illnesses.
Treatment
Treatment for both anorexia and alcoholism may involve medical treatment, behavioral and emotional therapy and prescription medication. Those with anorexia must develop the willingness to eat healthfully, while alcoholics must learn to abstain from alcohol. Since both conditions involve potentially harmful coping mechanisms (dieting in the case of anorexia, and drinking in the case of alcoholism), healthy means of dealing with emotions, stressful situations and negative ideas pertaining to body shape and size are necessary. According to the AIAAA, certain medications have proven helpful toward reducing alcoholism relapses. However, medications have shown less effectiveness for those with anorexia. Depending upon a person's weight and the severity of his physical and emotional condition, treatment may address one aspect of the disorder first. Optimally, a doctor or therapist who specializes in both disorders will guide you and your loved ones through proper treatment protocol. Keep in mind that several forms of treatment may be required.
Suggestions
If you or a loved one struggles with poor body image, obsession with weight loss or dependency on alcohol, seek guidance from a qualified, trusted professional. Eating disorders and related behaviors are best treated early on. In best cases, they are prevented. Keep in mind that many people who struggle with addictive illnesses resist treatment. Regardless, seek prompt guidance, as therapy or medical care can lead a person to recognize her need for treatment. When approaching a loved one with your concerns for her well-being, emphasize your love and care for her, more so than her weight-loss behaviors or refusal to eat. Denial and distorted self-perception are primary aspects of eating disorders, and such focus may put the person on the defensive. If you're unsure where to start, seek a therapist who specializes in eating disorders to guide you and your loved one toward a suitable treatment program.
