Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a condition that affects nearly 80 percent of menstruating women. Prior to menstruating, women experience emotional and physical complications defined as PMS, which is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms that cause life-changing effects. The symptoms of PMS have varying intensity, and every woman experiences PMS a little differently.
Types of Symptoms
Symptoms of PMS vary from woman to woman. More than 150 symptoms for PMS exist, and each woman may experience one or more of these in any combination. Depression, irritability, anxiety and anger are types of emotional symptoms. Physical symptoms include, but are not limited to, breast tenderness, headaches, fatigue, food cravings and acne.
Causes
Most symptoms of PMS are caused by hormonal changes in the body. Also, changes in chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin levels, are associated with different mood changes. Some PMS symptoms may be caused from deficiency or an excess of certain vitamins and minerals. For example, excess sodium can cause fluid retention and bloating in some women.
Diagnosis
No specific medical tests can be done to diagnose PMS. Doctors may perform a physical exam and review medical history to rule out another condition, such as endometriosis or depression. People with PMS are advised to start a symptom diary and include which day their menstrual cycle begins. The diary can help show doctors when symptoms begin and that they are associated with the menstrual cycle.
Prevention
Following a healthy diet and exercise plan are important aspects in preventing PMS. Exercise can effect hormones and keep them regulated all days of the month, including the days before menstrual cycles. Eating a balanced diet can also help keep vitamins and minerals regulated, and some research shows reducing alcohol, caffeine and fat may help keep symptoms from occurring.
Treatment
Reducing stress and following prevention techniques are also part of the treatment for PMS. When those do not work, medication is prescribed for severe PMS symptoms. Birth control pills can treat both physical and emotional symptoms. Some anti-depression medications also can help treat the emotional aspects of PMS.
