Black cohosh, a medicinal herb originating in North America, has been used for centuries as a treatment for women's health problems. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine notes that black cohosh has been used historically to treat ailments ranging from arthritis to premenstrual syndrome. While scientists have not yet investigated many of black cohosh's traditional uses, it remains a popular over-the-counter remedy for hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, low libido and other common complaints associated with menopause.
Hormonal Effects
Black cohosh contains fukinolic acid, a compound chemically similar to estrogen. The National Instututes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements indicates that fukinolic acid may affect the hormones prolactin and estrogen; however, studies in this area have been contradictory.
Effects on the Vagina
The National Institutes of Health note that black cohosh is traditionally used as a treatment for vaginal dryness and low libido during menopause. The Office of Dietary Supplements theorizes that black cohosh supplements may affect the vaginal epithelium, a layer of tissue involved in sexual response.
Effects on the Uterus
Practitioners of herbal medicine traditionally recommend black cohosh as an emmenogogue, or menstrual stimulant. Black cohosh causes contractions of the uterus and may induce menstruation and labor.
Impact on the Liver
The National Institutes of Health note that there is little scientific evidence to support the theory that black cohosh can damage the liver. However, a few case reports have suggested that black cohosh may, rarely, cause inflammation of the liver. People with liver disease should use black cohosh only under the guidance of a qualified health care provider.
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