Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting approximately 7 to 10 percent of women of childbearing age in 2010, as discussed by the Hormone Foundation. PCOS is the most common disorder affecting hormones of women in the childbearing population. PCOS is characterized by enlarged ovaries and small ovarian cysts which may cause pain or possibly can go undetected. PCOS can cause infertility and many other long-term complications. Continuous screening is necessary and beneficial in preventing and treating this condition so long-term complications do not occur.
Symptoms
Symptoms of PCOS vary among women. Irregular, infrequent or absent periods are a common symptom. Increased acne, weight gain, decreased breast size, increased hair growth and infertility are other symptoms. Some women with PCOS develop male characteristics such as increased body or facial hair, voice deepening or enlargement of the clitoris.
Cause
Researchers are not sure of the main cause of PCOS. Researchers at the Mayo Clinic and Medical Education and Research state it could possibly be due to the pituitary gland not working properly, or that the body may be producing too much insulin. However, it is known that hormones are the underlying source for the condition. The ovarian cysts are caused by irregular hormone cycles, which hinder egg release. In PCOS there is also a low level of follicle stimulating hormone and higher levels of male hormones produced in the ovary. These hormone imbalances are the cause for most of the symptoms.
Diagnosis
In order to be diagnosed with PCOS, your doctor will examine many characteristics. A physical exam will be done to note any specific physical symptoms. A pelvic exam and/or ultrasound are usually conducted to examine any enlargement of the ovaries or any other abnormalities in or on the reproductive organs. Blood tests may also be performed to measure the levels of hormones in the blood. The doctor will also discuss menstrual abnormalities and medical history.
Treatment
Women with PCOS have many options based on the severity of their condition. Hormone therapy with medication is one option to help women regulate the amount of male hormones being produced and pituitary involvement. Birth control pills can also help normalize the menstrual cycle. If insulin issues are present, some women can take medication to treat insulin resistance, which will help regulate ovulation. Occasionally surgery is needed to remove ovarian cysts.
Lifestyle
PCOS can cause infertility if not found and treated. However, most women with PCOS can become pregnant and have normal and healthy pregnancies. Regular checkups are essential for women with PCOS in order to efficiently treat the condition and specialized symptoms for each patient. Losing weight may also be beneficial for those with PCOS. Eating healthy and exercising can help regulate hormone levels, as indicated by the United States National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health.
