Moles, or nevi, are not one large cell but instead several cells clustered together. Congenital moles exist from birth, but moles can also develop due to taking certain medications, such as birth control pills, or due to sun exposure, which may affect cell pigmentation. Although most moles that form are not a health threat, others may need to be removed because they are precancerous or a cosmetic nuisance. Moles can be removed in several ways; the method depends upon the type of mole or reason for removal.
Shave Excision
Moles that develop as a cluster of cells can become raised up over the skin. During the shave excision procedure--which also can be called a shave biopsy--a dermatologist uses an anesthetic to numb the mole and the skin surrounding it. A small scalpel is then used to "shave" down the portions of the mole that rest above the skin. Removing the top portion leaves a mark that is either flat and white or still the same color as the mole portions that were removed.
Punch Biopsy
If a person requires removal of a mole that is relatively small, a punch biopsy may be recommended. A punch biopsy has a cylindrical end that "punches" out the mole in the shape of a circle.
Excisional Surgery
Unlike a shave excision, excisional surgery removes the mole entirely. This means all evidence of the mole is removed. A liquid nitrogen solution may first be used to freeze the area surrounding the mole. A physician uses a scalpel to cut both the mole and some surrounding skin out and then stitches the area together. This method may be necessary for moles that are cancerous or precancerous. A doctor may take a piece of surrounding tissue for further analysis in order to ensure no remaining cancer cells are present.
Electrocautery
Electrocautery removes moles known as skin tags, which are moles that hang off the skin. Using an electrocautery wand, which is very hot on the end, a physician burns off the protruding mole tissue, then cauterizes the area to close the wound.
Laser Removal
Laser removal is recommended for moles that are flat and either brown or black, according to docshop.com. A physician may apply a numbing cream to the area, then apply the laser to burn off the mole's cells. While one application may be enough, several laser treatments may be required for the mole to be removed completely.
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