Spastic colon is another term for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is a common disorder that affects the large intestine (colon), according to the Mayo Clinic. The Mayo Clinic states IBS causes spontaneous contractions of the muscles in the small and large intestines, creating symptoms such as abdominal cramping, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea and bloating. Although these symptoms are uncomfortable, IBS does not cause permanent damage to the colon, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Mechanism
The intestinal walls are lined with layers of muscle that contract and relax in a coordinated, rhythmical matter to move food from the stomach through the intestinal tract to the rectum, according to the Mayo Clinic. The Mayo Clinic states individuals with irritable bowel syndrome produce stronger contractions that last longer than normal. Food then passes through the intestines more quickly, creating gas, bloating and diarrhea.
Symptoms
The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse states one in five Americans, has symptoms of IBS, with the most common symptoms consisting of abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, bloating, diarrhea, constipation and mucus within the stool. In many cases individuals only have mild symptoms, while others have severe symptoms and need to seek out medical advice.
Causes and Triggers
The cause of irritable bowel syndrome is unknown; however, there are certain triggers such as food and stress that cause individuals to develop IBS symptoms. Chocolate, milk and alcohol may cause individuals to have constipation or diarrhea, while carbonated beverages and certain fruits or vegetables may cause bloating. Stress typically aggravates symptoms, causing them to worsen.
Risk Factors
Individuals are more prone to developing irritable bowel syndrome if they are younger than 35, are female and have a family history of IBS, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis is made primarily based on a complete medical history and physical exam. However, doctors may also recommend other tests, including stool studies to check for infection or malabsorption problems, according to the National Digestive Disease Information Clearinghouse.
Treatment
Individuals typically control mild symptoms by learning to manage their stress and by making changes in their diet. The Mayo Clinics states individuals with more severe symptoms may need fiber supplements, anti-diarrheal medications, anticholinergic medication, antidepressant medication or antibiotics.
