The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones that control metabolism, body temperature, heart rate, energy levels and mood, among other things. Hypothyroidism occurs if the thyroid is functioning below an optimal level. Sub-optimal levels may cause symptoms of weight gain, thin hair, brittle nails, fatigue, cold intolerance, depression, headaches and constipation. However, hyperthyroidism occurs with Graves' Disease and is a state of excess thyroid hormone that causes a racing heartbeat, nervousness, perspiration, heat and weight loss among others. Thyroid supplements designed for hypothyroidism should not be used in a hyperthyroid state, and likewise. Taking thyroid supplements on a daily basis for several consecutive months may result in improvement or restoration of normal thyroid function and a reduction of auto-immune thyroid inflammation known as thyroiditis.
Herbs for Hypothyroid
Several herbs can be tried to increase thyroid hormone production. These herbs should be used in cases of hypothyroidism (below optimal levels) only. Withania somnifera, more commonly referred to as Ashwagandha, is used by herbalists to increase circulating thyroid hormone levels. Findings from a study in the January 2005 edition of "Phytotherapy Research" suggest the possible use of Commiphora mukul (also known as Myrrh or Guggul) in the amelioration of hypothyroidism. Schizandra berry is another popular herb used alongside Ashwagandha and Commiphora mukul to treat hypothyroidism.
Nutrients for Hypothyroidism
Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are comprised of either three or four iodine molecules bound to the amino acid known as tyrosine. A deficiency of either iodine or tyrosine could result in low thyroid function. Increased consumption of seaweed or seafood may be the best way to increase iodine levels aside from supplementing with iodine. A serious iodine deficiency may cause the thyroid to swell, referred to as a goiter. Bladderwrack, nori and kelp are often included in thyroid supplements as a source of iodine, however, they may also be added to soups, sprinkled on food or eaten as a toasted snack. Most thyroid upplements contain 150 mcg of iodine per serving. L-tyrosine is the proper form of tyrosine to take when attempting to improve thyroid function. A typical adult dose of L-tyrosine would be 300 mg daily.
Selenium is a mineral that plays an important role in thyroid function as it is a necessary co-factor for the conversion of T4 thyroid hormone into the more active T3 form. It would be especially important to supplement with 100 mcg of selenium when T4 levels are normal and T3 levels are low, suggesting poor conversion.
Herbs for Hyperthyroidism
Several herbs may be helpful in reducing hyperthyroid signs and symptoms. Lycopus europaeus, Melissa officinalis, and Lithospermum officinale are the most common herbs used for this purpose. A research article in the 2008 edition of "Phytomedicine" provides supporting evidence that Lycopus europaeus reduces hyperthyroid specific symptoms (e.g., increased morning heart rate) and exhibits positive effects on mild forms of hyperthyroidism.
Nutrients for Hyperthyroidism
The body may have increased nutritional needs during periods of hyperthyroidism. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an example of a beneficial nutrient that has been shown to be protective to the heart during periods of hyperthyroidism. A beneficial dose of CoQ10 would be 100 to 300 mg daily. Iodine should be avoided in cases of hyperthyroidism, unless it is prescribed by a physician.
