The body uses potassium for proper functioning of heart, nerve and muscle cells. Sometimes a disruption causes an imbalance in the system of the intake of potassium and the excretion of the mineral. Taking certain medications can cause of low potassium levels in the blood---also called hypokalemia---as can medical conditions such as vomiting, diarrhea or bulimia. Individuals with low levels of potassium may experience no symptoms at the beginning stages of the decrease with only a slight drop in the mineral. As the levels drop lower, symptoms may begin to appear, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Constipation
One of the first symptoms associated with low levels of potassium is constipation. Characterized by a decrease in bowel movements, hard stools and extensive straining while trying to pass stools, constipation is common for many individuals and may not signal a problem. This may delay the diagnosis of hypokalemia.
Fatigue and Generalized Weakness
Fatigue and generalized weakness occur with low levels of potassium in the blood. The fatigue and weakness do not feel like normal sleepiness. Getting plenty of sleep and resting frequently does not improve the feelings of weakness and fatigue. The fatigue may cause a lack of motivation in doing daily tasks and individuals may lose interest in hobbies.
Muscular Problems
Muscular problems begin to develop as the levels of potassium continue to decrease. The start of muscular involvement includes weakness in the muscles, cramping, spasms and twitching in the muscle fibers, according to "Merck Manual of Health Information." As the potassium levels continue to decline, the muscles may begin to experience complete paralysis. This paralysis can include lungs and the muscle that helps regulate breathing, called the diaphragm. This paralysis is a medical emergency and requires treatment to prevent death.
Rhabdomyolysis
A muscular condition called rhabdomyolysis causes skeletal muscle fibers to breakdown and release into the blood. This lowers blood potassium levels. The kidneys lack the ability to filter the muscle fibers and may sustain permanent damage from the condition. Symptoms of rhabdomyolysis include tenderness and pain in the muscles, weakness and darkened urine, according to Medline Plus, a website of the National Institutes of Health.
Heart Arrhythmias
Potassium helps regulate the heart muscles; without enough potassium, the heart may begin to beat erratically. The abnormal heart rhythms is more common for individuals who already have a heart condition or who are on medications to treat heart-related problems.
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