ADHD is a diagnosis given mainly to children who exhibit symptoms of inattentiveness, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity. These symptoms must be present in at least two settings, according to the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-IV-TR). Medication and therapy are ways to manage ADHD, but behavioral management techniques should also be used. A combination of the three will help the child reach his maximum potential. Behavioral management is put into place at the home, school and/or with a professional clinician.
Home Intervention
Parents must first learn how to handle a child with ADHD. There are key techniques a parent can use to help their child. The first is being a good role model, as children will follow what they see. Providing a consistent routine will help the child stay organized; an example of this is using a clearly written list of days when the child is to do certain chores. Additionally, boundaries are important in managing a child with ADHD. Children with ADHD need as much structure as possible in as many settings as plausible.
Positive and Negative Reinforcement
Positive and negative reinforcement are key in managing a child's behavior at home and in school. Positive reinforcement is when a parent or teacher rewards the child when she does well. Verbally praising the child or giving him something that he values are examples of positive reinforcement. This works best if the praise occurs right after the good behavior, so that the child can learn to connect the two, according to FamilyEducation. Engage in negative reinforcement when the child exhibits poor behavior. An example of this is taking away something that she values. This technique holds more effectiveness than spanking or yelling when the child has done something wrong. Use these approaches at home, in the classroom and in a therapy setting.
In the Classroom
Children with ADHD should be put into special education programs. This involves being in smaller classes, having one-on-one aids in the classroom and receiving more individualized attention. This allows the student to reach her maximum potential. Teachers should be aware if a child has ADHD and be good role models. Using the behavior modification techniques just described is an important tool to use in the classroom because it provides structure and routine for the child. The teacher should be in constant communication with the parent in order to try to improve the child's performance and so that behavior patterns are being dealt with before they become a problem, according to FamilyEducation. Teachers should remember that children with ADHD become easily ashamed of their condition, so they should be sensitive to children's diagnosis.
Therapy and Medication
If you are still having difficulty with your child, you can seek out a professional who specializes in ADHD or behavioral modification to help you and your child learn the techniques that will help both of you. Medication management is also a method that can alleviate some of the child's symptoms. Therapy and medication will help the child's behavior, as well as help your and the teacher's fatigue and frustration.
References
- "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision" American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
- FamilyEducation: Preventing Behavior Problems in the Home for Kids with ADHD.
