While a child who stutters or who has trouble pronouncing sounds may have a speech disorder, children who have difficulty understanding others or trouble sharing their own thoughts are described as having a language disorder. According to the...
Working in unison, the joints, bones and skeletal muscles of the body comprise the musculoskeletal system. The primary function of these components working synergistically is the creation of movement. Other functions are stability, posture and...
Your skeletal muscles develop tension, or contract, to produce movement. A muscle can also contract to prevent movement that would otherwise be taking place. In both cases, muscles can only exert these influences at the joints they cross. The...
Multijoint workout routines are ideal for building functional strength for muscle groups throughout your body. Multiple joints and muscles work together to perform physical activities throughout the day, because your joints rarely work in...
Exercises that target antagonistic muscle groups cause reciprocal inhibition by moving the same joint in opposite directions. Reciprocal inhibition forces one muscle group to relax while the other contracts. Contraction-inhibiting cellular waste...
Playing basketball activates nearly all your body's muscles. Individual muscle groups work together to control and stabilize particular joint movements. Muscles also work together across different muscle groups in basketball. Your torso and arm...
There are three main bones of the human arm: the humerus of the upper arm and the radius and ulna of the forearm. The humerus articulates with the shoulder at the gleno-humeral joint. The humerus articulates with the ulna and radius at the elbow...
The hand moves in various and complicated ways and there is a complex array of articulations that allow flexibility of movement. The joints of the hand and wrist include hinge, gliding, condyloid and saddle joints. A hinge joint allows movement...
The Pilates rollover is an intermediate-level mat exercise. Begin by lying flat on your back with your arms beside you and your legs up straight in the air. Without momentum, squeeze your buttocks and inhale as you lift your legs off the mat and...
Dumbbells help build total body strength by supporting a wide variety of exercises. Dumbbells allow you to add resistance to body weight exercises, such as pull-ups and chin-ups, by clasping the weight between your ankles. Emphasize compound body...
There are many types of joints in the body including fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints. The synovial joints are characterized by the presence of synovial fluid within a space that encapsulates the articulating surfaces (surfaces that...
Joseph Pilates, a German immigrant born in 1880, focused his entire life on ways to improve the physical body. After many years working with his clients, he designed over 20 "contraptions" to help correct posture and restore strength. One of those...
An elliptical machine offers a low-impact cardio alternative to a treadmill. The elliptical motion of the pedals takes stress of the knee and hip joints. The footpads are an important component of an elliptical machine since your feet never leave...
The three major bones of the human leg are the femur in the thigh and the tibia and fibula of the lower leg. Although the kneecap is also a bone it does not support the weight of the body and is actually located inside the patellar tendon.
The wrist connects the hands to the forearm and allows for the range of motion of the hand. The wrist joint allows flexion, extension and side-to-side deviation. The pronation and supination of the arm (flipping the hand over) is due to the action...
The power of a positive attitude is an invaluable asset to your child's development. The state of mind that he habitually employs to approach the world will determine the consequences in his life. Kids who learn to stay positive become confident...
Cerebral palsy, or CP, is a condition in which damage to the brain causes problems in the motor system. Symptoms usually appear in the first few years of life. As the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke explains, difficulty...
Push and pull exercises are critical elements of every training regimen, and neglecting either one can lead to postural problems, muscle imbalances and increase your risk of injury. Compound push and pull exercises are particularly important...
The extension of a joint refers to straightening and increasing its angle. Extending the hip involves moving the thigh backward. Exercises that include hip extension work the rear thigh and the buttocks. Many muscles are involved in extending the...
The joints, or articulations, of the body allow a range of movement and mobility. There are a variety of joints in the body such as diarthrodial or synovial joints, ball and socket joints, hinge joints and fibrous joints. Each joint is composed of...
Freestyle swimming, also known as the front crawl stroke, involves movements that work muscles throughout your midsection, upper and lower body. Strengthening individual muscle groups can help improve your form and efficiency of the freestyle...
In the first year of life, you may believe that your baby is speaking, but most of these words are just development babble. This gibberish does lay the groundwork for proper speech later on. At around 1 year of age, they will start to form words...
Dumbbell and barbell workouts also are known as free-weight workouts. Free weights offer advantages, particularly for performance training goals. However, barbell and dumbbell workouts are not always well-suited for overcoming training deficits,...
Small, often overlooked muscles of the upper and lower arm are responsible for internal and external rotation. These include mainly the rotator cuff and the forearm supinators and pronators. The rotator cuff muscles around the shoulder that move...
Joseph Pilates’ exercise methodology, originally called Contrology, is based on a series of mat exercises that demand precision, balance and control. To help practitioners learn the correct muscle activation and physical alignment required...
Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that occurs before birth. People who have Down syndrome have an extra chromosome 21, which causes mental retardation and sometimes other medical conditions, including hearing loss. The mental retardation...
The arm supports the hand, which is the main way you manipulate your environment. There are three main bones of the arm: the humerus in the upper arm, and the radius and ulna in the forearm. The shoulder is where the humerus joins the torso; the...
The body is designed to move, and movement is critical to good health. To accomplish movement, the body is made up of joints where two bones come together and articulate. The joint allows for motion in one or more planes, and all of the body's...
The point of connection between two or more bones is known as a joint. There are many types of joints in the body, and they can be classified in various ways. Two major ways joints are classified are by the amount of movement they allow and by the...
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