Rectal cancer, often called colorectal cancer, is cancer involving the rectum, or the last several inches of the colon. Stage I rectal cancer involves the cancer spreading from the inner most layer of the rectal wall, or mucosa, to deeper tissue of the rectal wall. According to the American Cancer Society, stage 1 indicates that the cancer may also have spread to the muscle layer, but not outside of the rectal wall. Treatments for stage I rectal cancer include surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
A diagnosis of cancer is always frightening, but especially when the patient is a child. Children do not always understand serious illness and rely on parents and health professionals to give them support. Stage IV mediastinal ...
When cancer no longer responds to treatment, patients face the final stages of life. Coming to terms with the end of life can be frightening for both the patient and her loved ones. If you have cancer, you may be experiencing ...
Grief expert David Kessler describes five commonly recognized stages of grief -- denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance -- as the framework for learning to live with loss. Keep in mind, though, that not everyone w...
Cancer, or malignant tumors, may arise anywhere in the body. The presentations and symptoms differ according to the site of cancer. However, as the disease progresses, the complications arising from an advanced cancer are very ...
While each individual's experience is unique and depends upon multiple factors, several themes emerge in the stages people go through in reaching acceptance of a cancer diagnosis. How each person deals with grief is influenced ...
There are more than 60 types of lymphomas, but most can be broken down into two categories: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This classification is based on what specific cells are diseased. There are some similar...
According to the International Association for the Study of Pain, or IASP, approximately 6.6 million people worldwide die each year from cancer. Symptoms vary widely depending on the type of cancer, extent of spread and locatio...
Cancer steals the lives of approximately 6.6 million people world wide each year, according to the International Association for the Study of Pain, or IASP. Symptoms of cancer at the end of life vary widely depending on the typ...
At the heart of cancer development are genetic mutations, which allow cells to continually divide, avoid cellular death and proliferate indefinitely to produce unlimited numbers of cancer cells. In its last stages, cancer cells...
Staging, as defined by the National Cancer Institute, also refers to the size and spread of specific cancer in the body. The American Cancer Society describes the "TNM" classification system as an increasingly popular way to d...
When cancer continues to grow despite continued treatment, it has reached an advanced stage. The symptoms of the advanced stages depend on each type of cancer and its response to treatment. The many types of cancers include bre...
Melanoma development leads to the growth of large or abnormally shaped cancerous moles on the skin. It accounted for 8,700 deaths in the United States in 2009, according to the National Cancer Institute. Understanding the early...
Although it is not possible to tell how long someone with end-stage cancer will survive, it can be comforting for both the cancer patient and the patient's family and caregivers to know what to expect when death is inevitable.
Stage IV bladder cancer is generally treated from a palliative standpoint, making the maintenance of symptoms a priority rather than implementaing curative measures. According to the National Cancer Alliance, a stage IV diagnos...
The National Cancer Institute reports that stomach cancer caused over 10,500 deaths and accounted for over 21,000 new cancer cases in the United States in 2009. Stomach cancer is staged according to the size and characteristics...
Myeloma is cancer of the cells found in the plasma. Ries and colleagues from the National Cancer Institute suggest that the incidence rate in the United States for myeloma is 5.6 per 100,000 a year.
Plasma cells are part o...
The genetic mutations accumulated by cancer cells allow the cells to proliferate indefinitely, evade cell death and eventually invade other tissues. Although there are several types of cancer, each staged according to specific ...
Skin consists of three layers; epidermis---the outer layer, dermis---the inner layer and subcutis---the layer of fatty tissue. Skin cancer, the most common type of cancer as reported by the American Cancer Society, usually begi...
Pancreatic cancer, also called exocrine cancer, develops from mutated cells within the pancreas that divide out of control to form a tumor. Pancreatic cancer is staged depending on the size, aggressiveness and invasiveness of t...
Primary bone cancer is rather rare, making up less than 1 percent of all cancer cases in the United States, according to the National Cancer Institute. The extent of bone cancer growth and spreading is categorized into stages, ...
Staging helps treatment teams plan subsequent treatment and prognosis.There are four stages, from Stages I to IV, in order of ascending severity.
Once esophageal cancer is diagnosed, staging occurs. Staging is a standardized way of describing the spread of disease and helps guide treatment and prognosis. For this kind of cancer, stages include Stage 0, which is carcinoma...
According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), abnormal cancerous cells replicate, or multiply, uncontrollably, forming a tumor that can invade surrounding healthy tissue. The cancerous cells can also break up and spread, or...
There are two different types of staging: TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) and Roman numeral staging. TNM staging focuses on the tumor description, lymph node involvement and the spread of cancer to other organs or metastasis. Rom...
Dysregulation of cell behavior can lead to uncontrolled cell division, and cancer. Often, the initiating stages of cancer occur in a single cell or small population of cells that eventually grow into a tumor in a process called...
The stage of cancer describes the amount of cancer in the body and its location, and is used to determine treatment. The more complex or higher the stage, the more advanced the cancer. One of the most common staging systems is ...
Cancer staging is a process used by doctors to describe the severity of cancer in a specific patient. One of the most commonly used staging systems is called the TNM system, which stages cancer based upon tumor formation (T), l...
Although the colon is the first six feet of the large intestine, sometimes colon cancer and rectal cancer are grouped together as colorectal cancers, and this term can be used to describe either cancer. Cancer is staged accordi...
The last part of the long intestine before the anus is the rectum. Sometimes colon and rectal cancer are grouped together and interchangeably described as colorectal cancer. Cancer that starts in these tissues is called rectal ...
According to Mayo Clinic staff, cancer is ranked in severity as stages 0 through IV. Stage III breast cancer, for instance, may indicate a tumor of 5 cm in size, which has spread to nearby lymph nodes but hasn't spread (metasta...
Cancer is generally divided into five stages, from stage 0, in which the presence of irregular or cancer cells are known, to stage IV, in which the cancer has spread to one or several other parts of the body. The higher the num...
People who have chronic gastrointestinal conditions such as gastritis or H. pylori bacterial infections have a higher risk of developing gastric cancer. People who smoke also have an increased risk. Gastric cancer is divided in...
Cancer progresses through a stage system. Each stage is associated with different properties. As each cancer is different, it is often difficult to classify it in one stage or another. Therefore, a system called TNM (Tumor,...
With cancer, most people associate death. While there are many cancers that can be treated if caught early, there are also some that cannot be treated or cured. The result is the diagnosis of a terminal cancer illness. This mea...
The progression of cancer--skin cancer included--is organized by stages. Doctors use stages 0, I, II, III and IV to describe how invasive a person's cancer has become. These stages help doctors and health care providers to comm...
Surgical techniques are used to confirm cancer diagnoses, to assess the spread of any present growths and to treat malignancies.
If your child has an early-stage, localized case of neuroblastoma, it is sometimes possible fo...
By staging skin cancer, communication between health care providers is made easier; also, considering the stage of your cancer will help direct doctors in how they want to treat you. The different stages of skin cancer are trea...
