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Summary
What is Sleep Disorders?
Causes
Symptoms & Signs
Exams and Tests
Treatments
Prognosis
When to contact a medical professional
Prevention
Disclaimer

What is Sleep Disorders?

Sleep disorders involve any difficulties related to sleeping, including difficulty falling or staying asleep, falling asleep at inappropriate times, excessive total sleep time, or abnormal behaviors associated with sleep.

Alternative names

Causes

More than 100 different disorders of sleeping and waking have been identified. They can be grouped in four main categories: Problems with falling and staying asleep Problems with staying awake Problems with sticking to a regular sleep schedule Sleep-disruptive behaviors PROBLEMS WITH FALLING AND STAYING ASLEEP Insomnia includes any combination of difficulty with falling asleep, staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness and early-morning awakening. Episodes may come and go (be transi...

What is Sleep Disorders?

Causes

More than 100 different disorders of sleeping and waking have been identified. They can be grouped in four main categories:

Problems with falling and staying asleep
Problems with staying awake
Problems with sticking to a regular sleep schedule
Sleep-disruptive behaviors

PROBLEMS WITH FALLING AND STAYING ASLEEP

Insomnia includes any combination of difficulty with falling asleep, staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness and early-morning awakening. Episodes may come and go (be transient), last as long as 2 to 3 weeks (be short-term), or be long-lasting (chronic).

Common factors associated with insomnia include:

Physical illness
Depression
Anxiety or stress
Poor sleeping environment such as excessive noise or light
Caffeine
Alcohol or other drugs
Use of certain medications
Heavy smoking
Physical discomfort
Daytime napping
Counterproductive sleep habits:
- Early bedtimes
- Excessive time spent awake in bed

Disorders include:

Psychophysiological insomnia (learned insomnia)
Delayed sleep phase syndrome -- where a patient's internal clock is constantly out of synch with the "accepted" day / night phases; for example, patients feel best if they can sleep from 4AM to noon
Hypnotic-dependent sleep disorder -- insomnia that occurs when you stop or become tolerant to certain types of sleep medications
Stimulant-dependent sleep disorder -- insomnia that occurs when you stop or become dependent on certain types of stimulants

PROBLEMS WITH STAYING AWAKE

Disorders of excessive sleepiness are called hypersomnias. These include:

Idiopathic hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness that occurs without an identifiable cause)
Narcolepsy
Obstructive and central sleep apnea
Periodic limb movement disorder
Restless leg syndrome

PROBLEMS STICKING TO A REGULAR SLEEP SCHEDULE

Problems may also occur when you do not maintain a consistent sleep and wake schedule. This occurs when traveling between times zones and with shift workers on rotating schedules, particularly nighttime workers.

Sleep disruption disorders include:

Irregular sleep-wake syndrome
Jet lag syndrome
Natural short sleeper (the person sleeps less hours than normal but has no ill effects)
Paradoxical insomnia (the person actually sleeps a different amount than they think they do)
Shift work sleep disorder

SLEEP-DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORS

Abnormal behaviors during sleep are called parasomnias and are fairly common in children. They include:

Sleep terrors
Sleep walking
REM sleep behavior disorder (a type of psychosis related to lack of REM sleep and lack of dreaming)

Symptoms & Signs

The symptoms vary and depend on the specific sleep disorder.

Exams and Tests

Tests vary and depend on the specific sleep disorder. A sleep study (polysomnography) may be done.

Treatments

Treatments vary and depend on the specific sleep disorder.

See:

Prognosis

The outcome varies with the type of disorder. Some disorders may clear up on their own.

When to contact a medical professional

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if lack of sleep or too much sleep is interfering with daily living.

Also call if non-breathing spells are observed during sleep.

Prevention

Maintaining regular sleep habits and a quiet sleep environment may prevent some sleep disorders.

A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch). The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- 2008 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.

Review Date: .9/11/2008

Reviewed By: Allen J. Blaivas, DO, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Veteran Affairs, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ . Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.9/11/2008

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Knee pain
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Sleep And Sleep Disorders | LIVESTRONG.COM

posted by: anthonyh in Get more sleep

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)

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Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin and is commonly found in many foods like fish, shellfish, meats and dairy prod...

Polysomnography

Polysomnography is a sleep study. A sleep study monitors you as you sleep, or try to, sleep.There are two states of s...
EEG

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test to detect problems in the electrical activity of the brain.
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ACE levels is a blood test that measures the amount of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).
Lung needle biopsy

A lung needle biopsy is a method to remove a piece of lung tissue for examination.
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Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy is a procedure in which a thin, lighted tube (bronchoscope) is inserted throu...

Diazepam overdose

...iption medication used to treat anxiety disorders. Diazepam overdose occurs when someone accidentally or intention...

Green Tea May Help Brain Cope With Sleep Disorders
...reen Tea May Help Brain Cope With Sleep Disorders - Study in rats finds polyphenol compounds affect areas involved with learning and memory (HealthDay News) -- Green tea may counter the cogni...
- Posted On May 30, 2008 07:56:11 PM
  that's neat. I've been drinking hot Green Tea almost daily while at work. No suguar, no cream added. Read More
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Nocturnal Eating Syndrome, Sleepeating
- Posted On December 9, 2007 07:06:09 PM
  ...g_Syndrome:vj3e6dyj]Wikipedia on it: Sleepeating or Nocturnal Eating Syndrome is a [url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasomnia:vj3e6dyj]parasomnia where people experience recurre... Read More
Why am I eating while I am asleep?
- Posted On August 13, 2008 07:04:53 PM
  ...ny medications? I know some people will sleepwalk because of certain sleeping pills, and this often involves food. Read More
- Posted On August 13, 2008 07:25:56 PM
  I was going to ask about the sleeping pills too! That was my first thought. I was on a certain sleeping pill once, cant remember the name of it. And woke up the next day and the burner on the stove... Read More
websites to help with Mental Disorders?
- Posted On January 7, 2009 08:34:31 PM
  ...bsite to help those with EDs and mental disorders. I would like to devote some space on my site to lead individuals to other resourceful places. If any of you know of some really helpful, suppor... Read More
- Posted On April 1, 2009 07:50:04 AM
  ... It has lots of information about brain disorder like "congenital hydrocephalus": http://www.gabrielslife.org/ What you'll do, will be a big contribution for those who are in need of i... Read More
Does lack of sleep cause aches and pains?
- Posted On July 5, 2008 04:19:29 PM
  ...ng me lately. Can this be from lack of sleep? Read More
- Posted On July 5, 2008 04:23:01 PM
  The lack of sleep exacerbates any pain you may have. And then the pain just makes the insomnia worse (because it keeps you up). It's a vicious cycle. Read More
Sleep Apnea
I spent last night at the sleep lab. The technicians were so sweet. I have a question...when she woke me up to put on the Cpap device she told me "this is our best selling model" My question is...I...
- Posted On April 24, 2008 11:56:52 AM
  ...his mask-see link- http://shop.talkaboutsleep.com/?action=item.display&category=nasal-pillows-masks&page=10161. I have tried several masks but I like this one the best. It works for me. I hav... Read More
- Posted On April 24, 2008 06:57:32 PM
  Wow...do you all have sleep apnea?? I didn't know it was so common! Read More
Does lack of sleep effect weight loss?
- Posted On July 7, 2008 07:58:55 PM
  ...unday morning I only got seven hours of sleep total. Could this have effected my weight loss. It's the only thing that happened out of the ordinary, I was eating at really weird time, like my... Read More
- Posted On July 7, 2008 08:07:26 PM
  I think sleep has a lot to do with your lifestyle. I know when I am tired, my body feels sluggish and I do not wanna work out. When you sleep, your body repairs itself from all the calorie burnin... Read More
Night Eating Syndrome (NES)
- Posted On November 9, 2007 03:02:36 PM
  ...y often report having problems falling asleep and waking numerous times throughout the night at which they will eat. *The NES behavior occurs throughout the evening hours and differs from bin... Read More
- Posted On November 27, 2007 04:54:43 AM
  ... intake and expenditure add up to these disorders, but I am definitely having emotional issues. Recently I've been eating up to 3,000 calories a day and burning 1,500-2,000 of them through exerc... Read More
waking up in the middle of the night n eating!
- Posted On August 7, 2007 06:32:46 PM
  ...hat i overate n should have been simply sleepin all this time?? Read More
- Posted On August 8, 2007 09:54:46 AM
  ...ibed...ITs either considered an ED or a sleep disorder...but seriously look it up and talk to ur doc. Read More
Constant fatigue... help!
- Posted On May 14, 2008 08:37:42 AM
  ...o tired to get up, so then I go back to sleep until 7am. I've tried resisting afternoon naps too, for fear they are making me more tired but nothing seems makes a difference. I also don't have... Read More
- Posted On May 14, 2008 09:42:39 AM
  ...ell first off you aren't getting enough sleep. If I don't get about 9+ hours of sleep a night, I don't feel my best the next day. Since I have to wake up at 6 for work, I go to sleep by 8:30 o... Read More
vomit
- Posted On August 30, 2006 07:29:07 PM
  ...to me and then that triggered my eating disorder (among many other things). Whatever you decide to do about it, don't just shrug it off. This is a problem that can affect your health mentally ... Read More
- Posted On August 31, 2006 12:35:09 PM
  ...k i have the strength to have an eating disorder. Read More
Caffeine Pills
- Posted On April 7, 2008 01:08:03 PM
  ...o eat a good varied diet and get enough sleep. Of failing that coffee or tea (in moderation). I've heard caffiene tablets can be addictive and if you're prone to migranes they can aggrievate th... Read More
- Posted On April 7, 2008 02:28:23 PM
  ...o eat a good varied diet and get enough sleep. Of failing that coffee or tea (in moderation). I've heard caffiene tablets can be addictive and if you're prone to migranes they can aggrievate the... Read More
Stress and our health plus info on TOPS

...orders such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. Stress affects others by causing gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcers, lower abdominal cramps, colitis, and irritable bowel syndr...
Welcome Gluten-Free TDPers!

...ave Narcolepsy, which is a neurological sleep disorder, potentially caused by two factors - genetics and autoimmune response. Without getting into the clinical details, it's possible that glute...
Overnight Work/The Next Day
... I haven't really slept a full night's sleep (I do nap between the two jobs), but the dates have changed. Would I start the new day when I wake up from the nap or after midnight? This makes a...
- Posted On July 12, 2008 12:40:01 PM
  ...m shift work. See http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/circadian-rhythm-disorders-cause For measuring here, I'd suggest you simply work with your local midnight, which corresponds with... Read More
- Posted On July 12, 2008 07:40:13 AM
  We don't have a clock in our body that determines day or night so it does not really matter what you consider the next day. The only thing is you should ensure you use the same time every day as y... Read More
[PLEASE READ]: Respecting Other Members in This Group
...e info... Nocturnal Eating Syndrome, sleepeating is a food-related sleep disorder where people will raid the fridge & cupboards literally in their sleep. this can lead to often unexplained we...
- Posted On January 12, 2008 05:13:49 PM
  I came here to help encourage people to live healthy lifestyles. I will not encourage an underweight individual to continue to lose more weight just as I wouldn't encourage an obese person to gain... Read More
- Posted On January 12, 2008 06:06:30 PM
  ...members post their measurements. Eating Disorder- on any end of the spectrum shouldn't be encouraged, but the issues with an ED lies much deeper than "food." Food might show up as an issue but o... Read More
New week, new challenge!
...or me personally that I can think of... sleep! Studies show that people who sleep between 6.5 hr. and 7.5 hr. a night, as they report, live the longest. And people who sleep 8 hr. or more, or...
- Posted On September 9, 2008 02:47:13 PM
  ... I feel that it's definately not enough sleep. So, if I have to, I'll start going to bed earlier at night to compensate. Nice challenge, Beth!! Read More
- Posted On September 9, 2008 11:07:00 PM
  ...een, people vary really widely on their sleep needs. I know a guy who has never needed more than about 4 and a half hours a night (and he is Mr. Energy, boardering on the obnoxious). I need at l... Read More
yup
I tend to binge sometimessss :(
- Posted On July 2, 2008 10:01:14 AM
  ...ever ooked into NES? It's a type of 'disordered eating' rather than an 'eating disorder'. I think I definitely fit the criteria DX Read More
- Posted On July 2, 2008 11:54:54 AM
  http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/sleep-related-eating-disorders I never eat in my sleep, but I have talked about food in my sleep and been "eating chips" when my wife saw me chewing in... Read More
Just blog
Hi everyone: Well this week has gone from Vegan Wednesday to Pig Out Thursday and now Fasting Friday. I was wondering how many of you fast? If you do how often and how long? I would say I enjoy...
- Posted On August 3, 2008 06:05:34 AM
  ...ems, energy imbalances, blood pressure, sleep disorders, depression and mood swings, nervousness, and just about every other ailment or disorder. It can also improve eyesight and hearing and the... Read More
- Posted On August 1, 2008 11:10:09 PM
  Oh dear, it sounds like you have had an interesting time this week. I have fasted sometimes when I had overeaten, to let my body deal with what is going through. I like to let the engine just run... Read More

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sheldon1123: Brain Posts: Sleep Disorders in Hepatitis C: Neuropsychiatric symptoms and disorders are common in hepatitis C inf... http://bit.ly/bfn8pQ

neuronow: Sleep Disorders in Hepatitis C: Neuropsychiatric symptoms and disorders are common in hepatitis C infection. Inso... http://bit.ly/aZKhm5

HelpICantSleep: Sleep Disorders in Guelph ON | 1 | YellowPages.ca™ http://bit.ly/9t9g04

GottaNeed4Sleep: Sleep Disorders in Guelph ON | 1 | YellowPages.ca™ http://bit.ly/9t9g04

WRY999: Sleep disorders commonly occur in hepatitis C and contribute to fatigue & distress. New blog post. http://ow.ly/1oPEP

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