What is Kyphosis?
Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.
Alternative names
Scheuermann's disease; Roundback; Hunchback; Postural kyphosis
Causes
Kyphosis is a spinal deformity. It can be caused by: Degenerative disease (such as arthritis ) Developmental problems Trauma Kyphosis can occur at any age, although it is rare at birth. Adolescent kyphosis, also known as Scheuermann's disease, is caused by the wedging together of several bones of the spine (vertebrae) in a row. The cause of Scheuermann's disease is unknown. In adults, kyphosis can be a result of: Fractures caused by osteoporosis (osteoporotic compression fractur...
What is Kyphosis?
Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.
Alternative names
Scheuermann's disease; Roundback; Hunchback; Postural kyphosis
Causes
Kyphosis is a spinal deformity. It can be caused by:
- Degenerative disease (such as arthritis)
- Developmental problems
- Trauma
Kyphosis can occur at any age, although it is rare at birth.
Adolescent kyphosis, also known as Scheuermann's disease, is caused by the wedging together of several bones of the spine (vertebrae) in a row. The cause of Scheuermann's disease is unknown.
In adults, kyphosis can be a result of:
Other causes of kyphosis include:
Kyphosis can also be seen with scoliosis. Each cause has its own risk factors.
Symptoms & Signs
- Difficulty breathing (in severe cases)
- Fatigue
- Mild back pain
- Round back appearance
- Tenderness and stiffness in the spine
Exams and Tests
Physical examination by a health care provider confirms the abnormal curve of the spine. The doctor will also look for any nervous system (neurological) changes (weakness, paralysis, or changes in sensation) below the curve.
Other tests may include:
Treatments
Treatment depends on the cause of the disorder:
- Congenital kyphosis requires corrective surgery at an early age.
- Scheuermann's disease is treated with a brace and physical therapy. Occasionally surgery is needed for large (greater than 60 degrees), painful curves.
- Multiple compression fractures from osteoporosis can be left alone if there are no nervous system problems or pain. However, the osteoporosis needs to be treated to help prevent future fractures. For debilitating deformity or pain, surgery is an option.
- Kyphosis caused by infection or tumor needs to be treated more aggressively, often with surgery and medications.
Treatment for other types of kyphosis depends on the cause. Surgery may be necessary if neurological symptoms develop.
Prognosis
Adolescents with Scheuermann's disease tend do well even if they need surgery, and the disease stops once they stop growing. If the kyphosis is due to degenerative joint disease or multiple compression fractures, surgery is needed to correct the defect and improve pain.
Possible Complications
- Decreased lung capacity
- Disabling back pain
- Neurological symptoms including leg weakness or paralysis
- Round back deformity
Prevention
Treating and preventing osteoporosis can prevent many cases of kyphosis in the elderly. Early diagnosis and bracing of Scheuermann's disease can reduce the need for surgery, but there is no way to prevent the disease.
References
Shelton YA. Scoliosis and kyphosis in adolescents: diagnosis and management. Adolesc Med State Art Rev. 2007;18:121-139.
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Review Date: .7/17/2008
Reviewed By: Andrew L Chen, MD, MS, Orthopedist, The Alpine Clinic, Littleton, NH. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.7/17/2008
Posted On January 31, 2009 10:13:30 PM
Posted On February 4, 2009 07:03:31 PM
