The uterus includes the cervix, the passageway connected to the vagina, and the corpus, which carries a growing fetus during pregnancy. Within these structures are smaller layers like the endometrium, the innermost lining of the uterus. Abnormal...
Vaginal bleeding, as a result of menstruation, is a normal gynecological process that occurs periodically when the female body sheds its uterine lining. Unless pregnancy occurs, this process happens for most mature women every four weeks, and it...
Women experience abnormal menstrual bleeding at different points in the menstrual cycle. Some bouts of abnormal bleeding are brief and may subside with no treatment. However, other causes may be linked to medical conditions that require the use of...
Tamoxifen, often sold as Nolvadex, affects the body's estrogenic system. It blocks estrogen binding in the breast and promotes binding elsewhere. Doctors prescribe tamoxifen to treat breast malignancies because cancer cells need estrogen to...
Menopausal women should not have a menstrual cycle, bleeding or spotting. But it is not uncommon for menopausal women to experience some spotting or bleeding at some point. Although bleeding in menopause is abnormal, it is usually treatable and...
Postmenopausal bleeding can be alarming. Menopause means the end of menstruation, so bleeding after menopause is not normal. There are many possible causes for postmenopausal bleeding. Some causes are harmless, while others may be serious. Vaginal...
Post-menopause is the last stage of menopause and officially marks the ending of a woman's reproductive years. She will no longer have a menstrual cycle and will enter "the change." This nickname signifies a group of symptoms that some women...
Menopause is defined as the absence of a menstrual period for one year. Menopause starts at around age 51, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Perimenopause refers to the years leading up to menopause when...
During an endometrial biopsy, a surgeon takes a small tissue sample from the endometrium, or the lining of the uterus. Once the endometrial tissue is removed, it is examined under a microscope to detect the presence of any precancerous or...
Vaginal bleeding after menopause is considered abnormal, according to HealthCentral.com, a website that empowers woman to improve and take control of their health and well-being. Vaginal bleeding after menopause occurs when irritated vaginal...
Uterine fibroids and polyps are both abnormal growths of uterine tissue and can cause similar symptoms. Polyps grow from endometrial tissue, the tissue that lines the uterus, and fibroids are growths of uterine muscle, according to the Advanced...
Spotty bleeding after menopause may indicate a serious health problem. It is critical to seek immediate medical care for this problem. The American College of Gynecologists states: "Spotting after menopause is often a symptom of endometrial or...
Post-menopause begins when a woman has missed 12 consecutive menstrual cycles. At this stage, vaginal bleeding is highly abnormal and usually indicates a medical condition or disease. Although some of these conditions are benign, it is best to...
There are several reasons why a woman may have a heavy period. The term heavy period is relative, and any woman that notices a change in her menstrual flow should see her doctor. While some cases of increased menstrual flow are the result of...
Vaginal bleeding occurs frequently in females, due to a natural, biological process that happens monthly. However, there are times when abnormal bloody vaginal discharge occurs between periods. This can be caused by pregnancy or a change in...
Normal menstrual bleeding occurs every 21 to 35 days, lasts two to six days and does not occur in the middle of the menstrual cycle. Bleeding that occurs for prolonged periods of time or on and off all month is called menorrhagia. Abnormal...
According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, menopause occurs around the ages of 51 and 52 in women. During menopause, the ovaries produce less estrogen, which stops a woman's period. When a woman does not have her period...
Women may experience abdominal pain at various stages in the menstrual cycle; the pain can be caused by menstruation or completely independent of it. Many times this pain is short-lived and requires no treatment. However, if the pain is...
Adolescent females and women experience vaginal bleeding because of hormonal changes, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Each woman has her own pattern of cramping, premenstrual syndrome and vaginal bleeding....
After 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period, menopause can be confirmed, according to the Mayo Clinic. Once menopause has occurred, any vaginal bleeding is abnormal and should be examined by a medical professional. The majority of...
The sigmoid colon is the part of the large intestine that's closest to a person's rectum and anus. The sigmoid colon is about 16 inches long and usually lies within the pelvic bowl. Certain colon diseases can affect the sigmoid colon and cause...
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, colorectal cancer causes the third highest number of cancer cases in America. In 2006 alone, 68,857 women and 70,270 men were diagnosed with this cancer. The CDC recommends that all...
