Bodybuilding hormone supplements typically fall into the class of human growth hormones, anabolic steroids, androstenediones or erythropoietin. Athletes and bodybuilders take hormone supplements to stimulate muscle growth, increase performance,...
Procrit, or epoietin alfa, mimics the erythropoietin hormone produced by the kidney, which stimulates bone marrow production of red blood cells. Physicians prescribe Procrit injections for people diagnosed with chronic anemia caused by cancer or...
Several nutrients are required to produce red blood cells in your body, including iron, vitamin B-12, folic acid, vitamin C and erythropoietin. A decrease in red blood cells, referred to as anemia, occurs with excessive bleeding, red blood cell...
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a common disorder in elderly cats, though it can occur in young cats as well. The kidneys are essential for removing waste products in the blood, but they also produce a number of hormones. One of these hormones,...
While a few patients with failing kidneys can make it almost all the way to renal failure without getting symptomatic, most patients experience a cluster of symptoms that get progressively worse. These symptoms indicate that azotemia is...
Premature infants -- babies born before 37 weeks -- have unique nutritional needs. Babies born early may have lower vitamin and mineral stores than babies born after a full-term pregnancy. Preterm infants may also have higher nutritional needs for...
Monochloramine, also known as chloramine, is a disinfectant added to water in city treatment plants. According to the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, it is an alternative to chlorination that provides better compliance with federal...
MedlinePlus, a patient information service jointly maintained by the National Institutes of Health and the National Library of Medicine, estimates that two out of every 1,000 Americans suffer from some form of renal disease. The term "renal...
Some athletes use the hormones erythropoietin, EPO, and human growth hormone, HGH, to gain a competitive edge. Governmental authorities have banned these performing-enhancing substances because of safety concerns, according to a May 2008 review in...
An understanding of exercise physiology can be useful for athletes in adapting their training regiments to maximize muscle function during competition. Changes in muscle physiology and red blood cell volume occur in a predictable manner in...
Aerobic exercise can alter the number of red blood cells in several ways. Red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide through the bloodstream. In general, endurance training increases the number of red blood cells. However, in some cases,...
In 1968, the Summer Olympics were held in Mexico City, which sits at a staggering elevation of 7,350 feet. Sub-par times in endurance events and, paradoxically, record-breaking results in sprinting events have since prompted scientists to...
Some types of anemia--a shortage of healthy red blood cells--are caused by the presence of a chronic disease. You may develop anemia as a result of rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and chemotherapy treatment, Crohn's disease or kidney failure. The...
Your kidneys act as the purifying center for your body. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, which take in waste products from your blood and digestive system to remove the waste from your body via urine. Unfortunately, over time, those...
Performance-enhancing drugs are used by athletes, scholars, the military and others in order to improve goal-oriented performance of tasks, as opposed to drugs used purely for recreation. Commonly used performance-enhancing drugs include androgens...
Nearly 80 percent of the millions of strokes that occur in America can be prevented, according to the National Stroke Association. However, stroke is still the cause of major disabilities across the United States because most stroke victims do not...
Vitamin D is essential because it helps to keep calcium and phosphate within a normal range in the blood, and it is vital for strong bones. A vitamin D deficiency can be the result of hereditary disorders, kidney disease, liver abnormalities,...
According to the Mayo Clinic, chronic renal failure is a gradual loss of various kidney functions like removing wastes, concentrating urine and conserving electrolytes. Chronic renal failure allows dangerous levels of waste products and fluids to...
Melatonin affects physiological processes in almost all organisms. Important for timekeeping, the pineal gland releases this hormone each night as a chemical indicator of darkness. Melatonin also affects other hormones including substances made...
According to the MedlinePlus website, diabetic nephropathy, which is a chronic kidney disease caused by uncontrolled diabetes, usually occurs over several years or during its late stages. Kidney damage occurs in the nephrons, the functional units...
The average person's body contains 3 to 4 g of iron, explains USDA nutritionist Richard J. Wood in "Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease." Cancer patients often fall short because of decreased intake, decreased absorption, increased losses or...
Nandrolone decanoate is a man-made steroid hormone with a physical structure similar to the male sex hormone testosterone. The drug is administered as a deep intramuscular injection. After absorption into the bloodstream, the drug travels to the...
According to the Office of Dietary Supplements, iron supplementation is recommended in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia when diet alone does not work. Iron deficiency anemia leads to unhealthy red blood cells. Red blood cells are...
Leukemia causes blood cells, usually white blood cells, to grow uncontrollably. These abnormal cells not only fail to function properly, but also decrease the production and growth of healthy blood cells. Leukemia can affect adults and children,...
The American Cancer Society defines multiple myeloma as cancer that starts in plasma cells. Plasma cells are found in bone marrow and also have a role in the body's immune system. When cancer forms in the plasma cells, a tumor forms, typically in...
Individuals who have an insufficient amount of iron in their bodies may develop iron deficiency anemia. This is a common type of anemia, in which blood lacks an adequate amount of healthy red blood cells, explains MayoClinic.com. Red blood cells...
Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder that by definition results in impaired thyroid hormone production. If left untreated, hypothyroidism can lead to complications. Anemia is a complication often associated with hypothyroidism. Iron replacement...
Iron Deficiency anemia is a condition in which there is low red blood cells in the blood due to decreased iron levels. Iron deficiency anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney diseases, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and...
Your body needs iron to create hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to the body's cells and tissues, enabling organs to draw energy from food. Iron deficiency can cause low levels of healthy red blood cells and hemoglobin,...
