Replication of the influenza virus requires multiple steps and processes. The first part is the the mechanism by which the virus is able to infect cells. Influenza viruses typically infect epithelial cells (which are thin flat cells) that line the...
When you use golf clubs with the correct shaft length, you can swing comfortably, therefore improving your game. Along with improving your skills, you will be able to develop a swing tempo that is replicable. The golf industry does have standard...
Military-style boot camp workouts showed up on the radar of the American Council on Exercise, or ACE, in 1998; by 2009, they were on the ACE list of top fitness trends. Boot-camp calisthenics offer definite benefits--if you survive. But for...
Despite their name, free throws aren't exactly "free." Although it may be difficult for an observer to fathom how a high school basketball player who practices daily could miss an unguarded, flat-footed shot from relatively close range, even the...
Basketball bounce height can be a personal thing. Your age, physical fitness and athletic goals all impact bounce height, in one way or another. You may be too young to handle a high bounce, or you may not desire a high bounce. You might not even...
Cancer is a complex disease that occurs in many forms and by many processes. Consequently, different therapies have been developed to battle the disease. These treatments approach the disease from various angles in an attempt to stop the process...
Antiretroviral drugs target human immunodeficiency virus 1 to slow the progression of the HIV to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. As of 2010, the World Health Organization estimates that among the 33.4 million people living with...
A virus can infect any animal, insect, plant or even bacteria, according to LiveScience.com, a website updated on the latest viruses and diseases. Some viruses are very mild, like the common cold, but tend to spread more rapidly. Other diseases...
The flu virus is the causative agent of influenza. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets expelled via cough or sneezing. There are several parts for the virus, which affects how the vaccines against the virus are made and also how...
The Elmhurst College Virtual Chembook defines an enzyme as a protein that speeds up chemical reactions and produces chemical products. The human body could not function properly without enzymes, as these proteins assist in chemical reactions...
Chemotherapy treatment for cancer dates back to the 1940s when it was first used to treat a patient with lymphoma. Since that time, many new chemotherapy treatment options have become available. Chemotherapy works by halting the growth,...
Herpes simplex is a virus that cannot be cured. Even when you aren't experiencing an outbreak, the virus lies dormant in your body. However, by managing your stress levels, eating an anti-viral diet and treating your outbreaks as soon as you feel...
As Live Science explains, viruses are parasites that are even smaller than a cell. Viruses are essentially a combination of genetic material (wither DNA or RNA) and a few proteins. Viruses can infect any kind of cell, including bacteria, plants...
Bacterial growth requires a variety of conditions to support single cell growth and division. Bacterial growth on the individual cell level requires extremely efficient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and repair mechanisms. On the individual...
The human papillomavirus (also known as HPV) has a distinct life cycle that allows it to only be transferred from one host to the next at certain times. Once the virus has infected a cell, it can go into one of two different modes. During one...
If you've ever had the flu or a cold, you have experienced a viral infection. Viruses are unique organisms in the world of infectious diseases due to their small size. Although tiny, viruses can cause a vast array of complex diseases and can be...
The cell is the most basic unit of life. The body is composed of 200 different types of cells, each sustaining a specific role to maintain life. Each cell is comprised of similar components; for example, each cell is enveloped by a plasma...
Cold sores, also called herpes labialis, are caused by the herpes simplex virus. Cold sores are different from canker sores in that they are highly contagious, typically spread from one person to another following contact with infected mucous...
HIV damages the body's immune system and makes it susceptible to infections and certain types of cancers. A single HIV viral particle is called virion. The viron is surrounded by the viral envelope which contains the proteins gp120 and gp41. The...
Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is found inside the nucleus of almost every cell in the human body. It provides the instructions needed to build every protein of every tissue and organ. Throughout your lifetime, certain cells retain the ability to...
Colic is a generalized term used describe extremely fussy babies. Parents.com reports, "Symptoms include apparent abdominal pain, gassiness, a distended belly, irritability, and long, inconsolable bouts of crying, usually starting in the early...
What do the common cold, the flu, herpes and AIDS have in common? Viruses cause them. There's more. Hepatitis, polio, RSV, Ebola, foot-and-mouth disease, coxsackievirus, Kaposi's sarcoma, some encephalitis and HPV don't even complete the list of...
Cytotoxic drugs are powerful chemotherapy medications used to kill cancerous cells. Different types of cytotoxic drugs interfere with varying cellular activities to induce cell death, with most disrupting some aspect of cell replication. If cancer...
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is a cancer originating from squamous cells -- flattened epithelial cells that make up the air sacs within the lungs. This type of cancer belongs to a family of cancers known as non-small cell lung cancer. If...
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the last stage of an HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. HIV, like all viruses, has a life cycle that focuses on getting into a host cell, replicating and then leaving the original host to...
Most cells in the human body behave in a programmed fashion. They reproduce themselves when necessary, and only when necessary. They die, a process called apoptosis, if they become damaged or at a determined time. They remain in their specialized...
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at the end of 2006, 1,106,400 people were living with HIV infection in the United States. In 2006, there were 56,300 new cases of HIV infection and 14,627 deaths due to AIDS. Treatment...
Suitcase dead lifts are comprised of lifting a kettle bell with one hand while performing a regular dead lift. Learn how to perform suitcase dead lifts properly from a professional trainer in this workout video.
