The leaves of the melaleuca alternifolia tree, or "tea tree," are steamed and distilled to create an oil that's sometimes used topically or orally. Supporters claim it can treat fungal infections and other health maladies, but the National Institutes of Health (NIH) report that you may experience potentially dangerous side effects. Discuss your plans to use tea tree oil with your doctor before trying to treat any condition with it.
Gastrointestinal Distress
Orally ingested tea tree oil is "associated with potentially severe reactions," according to the NIH. These include diarrhea, cramps, abdominal pain and nausea. Related oral discomfort includes an inflammation of the mouth and bad breath.
Breast Growth in Boys
Tea tree oil, when combined with lavender extracts, can cause a rare condition called prepubertal gynecomastia where pre-pubescent boys grow breast tissue. In a study published in the February 2007 issue of the "New England Journal of Medicine," the researchers wrote that topically applied tea tree oil and lavender oil together mimic the effects of estrogen, essentially making them endocrine disruptors.
Allergic Reactions
The Mayo Clinic reports that you may experience an allergic reaction when using tea tree oil products topically. Symptoms may include blisters, an itchy sensation and a red rash. It may also make pre-existing skin problems worse.
Pregnancy Complications
In animals, tea tree oil lowered the strength of natal contractions, which leads the National Institutes of Health to warn against using such products orally if you're pregnant. Insufficient research on the oil's effect on babies also has the institutes advising against using it topically near the breasts when you're breastfeeding because the oil's chemicals can be passed on to the infant.
Nervous System Effects
Orally ingested tea tree oil may make you confused or induce a coma while also potentially causing drowsiness and a suppressed immune system, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Drug Interactions
Tea tree oil used on the skin may affect the performance of other topical medications or products, including acne medication formulated with salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide, and anti-aging creams containing tretinoin, a Vitamin A-derivative.
References
- "New England Journal of Medicine"; Prepubertal Gynecomastia Linked to Lavender and Tea Tree Oils; Derek Henley, et al.; February 2007
- National Institutes of Health: Tea Tree Oil
- Mayo Clinic: Tea Tree Oil
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