Heat from the environment, when combined with the human body's own heat, results in what's called the core temperature, which is the body's internal temperature. Improper heat regulation of the body, occurring from either internal or external sources, affects the body's temperature control system and causes heat exhaustion. Prevention of heat exhaustion and other heat-related illnesses begins with understanding its causes.
Improper Body Cooling
In hot weather and during exercise, the body cools itself off mainly by sweating. The evaporation of sweat regulates the body temperature. Overexertion in hot, humid weather results in a rapid increase in the body's temperature. Several factors increase the risk for heat exhaustion, reports the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), including age, high body fat, fever and certain medications. Children are affected by heat exhaustion more than adults, considering their bodies adjust more slowly under hot conditions and prove less effective at maintaining a proper body heat. Individuals with higher body fat levels have more of a difficult time cooling themselves. A current illness accompanied by a fever increases the risk for heat exhaustion. Individuals taking medications such as diuretics and stimulants are at an increased risk.
Weather Conditions
Hot weather or high humidity cause heat exhaustion, reports the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). During exercise, the body produces energy and releases it as heat, states the AAOS. Air temperature, combined with humidity, wind speed, and sun exposure affect how well the body cools itself. Sweat doesn't evaporate as quickly from the body in high humidity. Exercising or any strenuous activity prevents the body from releasing heat through perspiration. Lengthy, direct sun exposure increases the body's core temperature and causes heat exhaustion.
Other Causes
According to the AAOS, overdressing dramatically increases the chance of heat exhaustion. Dark clothing absorbs heat and wearing full-body clothing, heavy pads and helmets during high heat and humidity make cooling more difficult for the body. The Mayo Clinic states that alcohol use impairs the body's heat-regulation ability. Dehydration hinders the body's ability in regulating and keeping a normal temperature. The body doesn't effectively cool itself through sweat and evaporation without a proper intake of fluids.
Reduce Heat Exhaustion Causes
Following general guidelines reduces heat exhaustion, reports the AAOS. Necessary fluid replacement and adequate periods of rest reduce the chances for heat exhaustion. Routinely monitor changing weather conditions and consider postponing or canceling any activity if extreme heat and humidity are expected. Watch out for symptoms of heat exhaustion such as heavy sweating, paleness of the skin, muscle cramps, tiredness, weakness, dizziness, headache, fainting and nausea or vomiting. The CDC recommends treating heat exhaustion by resting, seeking an air-conditioned environment, drinking cool water and taking a cool bath.
