Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common disorder in which too much pressure is applied by the blood to the blood vessels. Hypertension can be caused by several factors, but regardless of its origin, high blood pressure must be treated or it could put you at a serious health risk.
What Is Blood Pressure?
Your heart pumps blood through your body. Each time the heart beats, it creates pressure which pushes blood through your blood vessels. Healthy vessels are made of flexible, elastic tissue which is able to stretch under pressure to allow blood to flow properly throughout the body. However, over time, if excessive pressure is applied to the blood vessels, they will stretch too much. This can cause serious damage to the cardiovascular system and put you at risk for serious health conditions.
Definition of Hypertension
The American Heart Association (AHA) defines hypertension as blood pressure of 140 over 90 or higher. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Healthy blood pressure levels are below 120 over 80. If your readings are above 120 over 80, your blood pressure should be monitored and, if necessary, steps should be taken to try to lower your blood pressure.
Blood Pressure Measurements
Blood pressure is measured and recorded as two numbers, written with one number over the other, similar to a fraction. The top number is the systolic pressure. This number represents the pressure on the arteries each time the heart muscles contract and the heart beats. The bottom number, or diastolic pressure, measures the pressure when the heart is at rest in between beats.
Hypertension Health Risks
Hypertension can cause your blood vessels to overstretch, which can lead to other dangerous conditions. Overstretching can weaken the vessels, causing them to be more likely to rupture. It can also cause vessels to tear and scar. The scars can block blood from passing and cause blood clots which can ultimately lead to a heart attack or stroke. In addition, hypertension can cause tissue and organ damage. When blood is not properly traveling to parts of the body, those areas do not receive a healthy amount of oxygen.
Hypertension Risk Factors
There are several risk factors that increase your likelihood of developing hypertension. High blood pressure is often hereditary, meaning if your family members have it, you may be at risk as well. Being overweight and heavy drinking can contribute to high blood pressure. Lifestyle habits such as physical inactivity and a poor diet, especially one with excessive salt, are also risk factors.
