Lymphedema is a condition characterized by swelling of the extremities. Lymphedema cannot be cured but it can be controlled and in some cases prevented. A diet that supports a normal weight and is low in salt may minimize the risk of lymphedema and swelling. The healthiest diet for lymphedema follows federal dietary guidelines and is rich in nutrient-dense foods.
Lymphedema
Lymphedema occurs due to blockages in the lymphatic system, the system responsible for removing impurities from the body, which prevents excess lymph fluid from being drained and causes swelling. Primary lymphedema is an inherited condition. Secondary lymphedema occurs when lymph nodes get damaged due to surgery, cancer, cancer treatments like radiation, or infections. Lymphedema can cause swelling, heaviness, tingling, aching and recurring infections in the arms or legs. It may also limit range of motion and harden or thicken the skin on the arms or legs. MayoClinic.com says lymphedema cannot be cured but symptoms can be managed through exercise, massage, compression garments and diet.
General Guidelines
The Sansum Clinic encourages people with lymphedema to eat lots of fruits, vegetables and fiber and limit salt, fat and sugar. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, a healthy diet also includes whole grains, low-fat dairy products and lean proteins. Foods high in fat and added sugar should be limited because they are high in calories and can contribute to weight gain and obesity.
Weight Loss
According to Breastcancer.org, obesity can increase the risk of lymphedema. Weight loss is achieved by increasing physical activity and moderately reducing total calorie intake. Foods that are naturally low in calories include fruits, vegetables, grains, low-fat dairy products and lean proteins like chicken breast, fish, soy, beans and legumes. The federal recommendation for physical activity for weight loss is 60 to 90 minutes on most days of the week.
Sodium
Sodium (salt) can worsen lymphedema and swelling in certain individuals, according to the National Lymphedema Network (NLH). People who are salt-sensitive should limit their salt intake by refraining from adding salt to food while cooking or at the table. They should also avoid high-sodium foods like processed foods, deli meats, canned vegetables and soups, condiments, frozen or convenience entrees, savory snacks, certain cheeses, pre-marinated meats and fast food.
Exercise
Exercise is a key component of any diet but can also help minimize lymphedema. The USDA recommends exercising for at least 30 minutes on most days of the week to benefit overall health. MayoClinic.com says moving the arms and legs can help move fluid out of the limbs and prevent swelling. The Sansum Clinic recommends aerobic activities like swimming, bicycling and jogging on the treadmill to improve cardiovascular health and increase movement of the extremities.
Alternative Medicine
According to Breastcancer.org, some patients with lymphedema have tried alternative medicines like bioflavonoids, rutin and benzopyrones. Alternative medicines may benefit lymphedema but many lack scientific research regarding their safety or effectiveness. Individuals should not take dietary or herbal supplements without consulting a physician. Supplements are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and may have unknown side effects and interact with prescription medications.
