Ovarian cancer begins in the tissues of the ovary, one of the reproductive glands where eggs are formed. The National Cancer Institute estimates that in 2009, there will be 21,550 new cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed in the United States. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial for survival due to the nature of the disease, but the Mayo Clinic estimates that only 20 percent of ovarian cancers are found before the cancer has spread past the ovaries.
Types
There are three types of ovarian tumors: epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors and stromal tumors. Epithelial tumors constitute the majority of diagnoses at 85 to 90 percent. These tumors develop in the epithelium, which is the layer of tissue that covers the ovaries. Germ cell tumors develop in the cells that produce eggs in the ovary and are generally found in younger women, according to the Mayo Clinic. Stromal tumors form in the tissues that produce estrogen and progesterone and hold the ovaries together.
Symptoms and Warning Signs
There are no specific symptoms that suggests ovarian cancer; rather, the symptoms can mimic other ailments and are commonly misdiagnosed as depression, stress or intestinal disorders. What differentiates ovarian cancer from other possible diagnoses is the symptoms for this disease tend to be persistent and worsen as time goes on, according to the Mayo Clinic. Some symptoms include abdominal bloating, fullness or pressure; increase in urinary frequency; constipation; pelvic discomfort; pain during intercourse; and changes in menstrual cycle. If you have any of these symptoms for more than a week or two, it is best to make an appointment with your health care provider to get an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnosis
An accurate diagnosis for ovarian cancer is critical since its symptoms can be so nonspecific. A physical exam to check for fluid buildup in the abdomen and a pelvic exam should be done to feel the ovaries and other organs for changes in size or if there are any lumps. Blood tests are usually ordered, particularly a CA-125 test, of which a high number may indicate ovarian cancer. Ultrasound is used to check ovaries for tumors and a biopsy may be done to look for cancer cells.
