A diabetic has an increased risk of problems in the extremities, especially the hands and feet. Although the cause of these problems is not always clear, many extremity conditions -- including diseases of the fingers -- are caused by insufficient blood flow or nerve damage. Diabetes-related finger diseases range from mild to severe, and they can significantly affect a person's quality of life.
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral arterial disease is a common diabetes-related condition that can affect the fingers. According to the American Diabetes Association, or ADA, peripheral arterial disease, also known as PAD, is caused by a narrowing of blood vessels that transport blood to the extremities. In most cases, fatty deposits or plaque on the walls of the arteries obstruct blood flow. The ADA states that about 33 percent of diabetics over the age of 50 suffer from PAD, although many people with PAD do not realize they have the condition. Common signs and symptoms associated with PAD include numbness and weakness in the affected area, sores in the extremities that fail to heal or heal slowly, coldness in the extremities, slower growth of nails and shiny skin in the involved areas. According to the ADA, smoking, elevated blood pressure, being obese and physical inactivity can increase a diabetic's likelihood of developing PAD.
Trigger Finger
Trigger finger is a condition that affects the tendons in a person's fingers or thumb. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, or AAOS, states that trigger fingers are more likely to occur in people with certain medical conditions, including diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Trigger finger occurs when one of the finger flexor tendons -- the tendons on the palm side of the fingers -- becomes irritated as it slides through its sheath or tunnel. As the tendon becomes more irritated, it may thicken, making its passage through its tunnel more challenging. Common signs and symptoms associated with trigger finger include a tender lump in the palm, swelling in the affected area, a catching or popping sensation in the involved finger joints and pain when bending or straightening the affected finger. The AAOS states that trigger fingers are more common in women than in men and in people between the ages of 40 and 60.
Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy is a common diabetes-related disease that can affect the fingers. Diabetic neuropathies are a collection of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. Over time, and with prolonged exposure to high blood glucose levels, a person with diabetes may develop nerve damage throughout the body, including the fingers. Common signs and symptoms associated with diabetic neuropathy include pain, numbness or tingling in the toes, feet, legs, hands, arms and fingers; atrophy or muscle wasting in the feet or hands; nausea and vomiting; indigestion, diarrhea or constipation; urination problems; muscle weakness; and dizziness when standing up, according to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. Weight loss and depression may also accompany diabetic neuropathy.
