Iron overload or hemochromatosis can be caused by genetics or by the consumption of too much iron. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), hemochromatosis can have many different symptoms that vary between men and women. Primary hemochromatosis is inherited. Secondary hemochromatosis is caused by anemia, alcoholism or other disorders, according to The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NIDDK).
Early Symptoms
An overdose of iron can lead to the individual requiring hospital treatment. The liver can fail suddenly from iron toxicity without presenting many symptoms. Initial symptoms of iron overload can include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, abdominal pain and joint pain, explains the CDC. Along with the abdominal pain, individuals may experience vomiting and diarrhea. A blood test conducted and analyzed for iron content may reveal an elevated blood sugar level, elevated liver enzymes and iron, explains the Iron Disorders Institute. These may not be attributed to iron overload until progressive symptoms appear.
Progressive Symptoms
As iron continues to build up in the body's organs individuals may experience more noticeable symptoms. The Mayo Clinic suggests the onset of hemochromatosis to be between the ages of 25 and 50. Iron overload caused by other health concerns can occur at any age. Progressive symptoms of iron overload include the loss of body hair or shortness of breath. Women may experience early menopause or stop having menstrual periods. Men and women may suffer from a decrease in sex drive. Men may develop impotence or erectile dysfunction.
Advanced Symptoms
Individuals with hemochromatosis can develop more serious health issues from the prolonged iron overload in the body. Physical signs may include a gray or bronze discoloration of the skin. Cardiovascular concerns such as irregular heartbeat or heart failure may result. Severe fatigue and/or abdominal pain may plague individuals suffering from hemochromatosis. The CDC also suggests that arthritis, high blood sugar and diabetes may be potential effects of hemochromatosis. More obvious implications can be liver problems like cirrhosis and liver cancer. The Iron Disorders Institute also suggests side effects as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, depression and hypothyroidism. Permanent damage to the thyroid, pancreas and adrenal glands can occur and create disorders specific to these components of the body, explains NIDDK.
