Sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol, are commonly used as sugar substitutes in many foods. Often found in sugar-free foods, sorbitol is about half as sweet as sugar and also provides fewer calories per serving. Unlike sugar, in the body, sorbitol is easily metabolized with little to no insulin and does not cause drastic changes in blood sugar levels.
Description
According to the Calorie Control Council, sorbitol was first discovered in 1872 by a French chemist in the berries of mountain ash. It can be found naturally in many fruits and berries. It is commercially prepared by the hydrogenation of glucose. In the body, glucose is a natural energy source that is used by nearly every cell. For those with diabetes, glucose cannot be effectively removed from the blood, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. Sorbitol contains fewer calories and carbohydrates than sugar, which may help promote healthy weight maintenance and improved blood glucose control.
Sources
Sorbitol is often used in foods to help prevent moisture loss and stabilize the texture of baked goods and chocolate. It is also able to withstand drastic temperature changes, making it useful in extending the shelf life of many foods. Sorbitol can be found in sugar-free foods, including chewing gum, candies, cookies, jams, cakes, icing and frozen desserts. It is also found in certain non-food products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash. Sorbitol helps add sweetness and flavor without causing cavities like sugar.
Safety
Sorbitol is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and has been safely used in processed foods for nearly 50 years. Daily ingestion of sorbitol in excess of 50 g can cause a laxative effect. Otherwise, no serious side effects are known.
Sorbitol and Diabetes
It is important for those with diabetes to consume sugar-free foods containing sorbitol in moderation. While sorbitol may be used in place of sugar, these foods may still contain significant amounts of carbohydrates, which, like sugar, can raise blood glucose levels. Excess intake of sugar-free foods can also lead to excess calorie intake, weight gain and decreased blood glucose control.
