Pain in the calves is common in runners, weightlifters and others who frequently use the calf muscles during strenuous activity. The pain can be the result of strain or other trauma to the muscle. In some cases, a deep pain in the calves indicates a problem with the veins in the calf known as a deep vein thrombosis. If your calf pain persists for more than three days, consult a doctor.
The Calf
The calf muscles are a pair, including the gastrocneumius and the soleus, located at the back of the lower leg. The gastrocnemius is the larger of the two and originates at the back of the knee and inserts at the heel around the Achilles tendon. The smaller soleus muscle is closer to the bone and is connected in several places to the gastrocnemius. Both muscles function together to assist propelling the body forward when walking and running. Consequently, they are often the site of strains and cramps.
Causes
A variety of causes can lead to calf soreness. If you are dehydrated, taking prescription medication or have been overexerting the calf muscle, the soreness may be due to cramps, which are involuntary contractions of the muscle. A tear in the soleus muscle, referred to as a calf strain, could be causing the deep-seated soreness. Strains of the calf may have additional symptoms, including stiffness, tenderness and bruising. DVT occurs when the blood in the veins of your calf form a clot, or thrombus. In addition to soreness, DVT can include symptoms of swelling and redness and warmth around the calf muscle.
Treatment
Cramps should go away by massaging the muscle. Applying heat may help loosen up stiffness in the calves. If the muscles are tender and painful, apply an ice pack for 20 minutes at a time, every hour. Drink water enhanced with electrolytes to help you rehydrate, particularly if you have been sweating a lot. Discuss any medications you are taking with your doctor to ensure calf pain is not a side effect. Calf strains can be treated with the RICE protocol of rest, ice, compression and elevation. Elevate your calf muscle above your heart, applying an ice pack for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, every hour. Compress your legs with a bandage or towel to help the healing process. If you have symptoms of a DVT or self-care measures don't help, consult your physician.
Warnings
DVT can be a serious issue. A pulmonary embolism, when the blood clot in your calf muscle breaks free and reaches the lungs, can be fatal. Symptoms of a pulmonary embolism include dizziness, fainting, chest pain, shortness of breath without an obvious cause, coughing up blood or excessive anxiety. If you start to have any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.
