Insects are quite nutritious; many cultures consume them as part of a healthy diet. Insects are good sources of protein, contain high levels of certain minerals and contain very little fat. They serve as an essential protein source in countries where traditional protein foods, like meat and dairy products, are lacking. Although insects are considered healthy, talk to your physician before adding them to your diet.
Physiology
An insect's diet contributes to its nutritional value. Like humans, insects are heterotrophic, which means that they obtain life-sustaining energy from consuming other organisms. This is unlike plants, which produce energy from the sun through photosynthesis. Similar to humans, the major components of an insect's diet include protein, carbohydrates and fats. Insects possess the ability to produce their own fat-soluble vitamins, as well, including vitamins A, D, E and K.
Protein
Protein is an important component of your physiology. It helps your body build, repair and maintain itself. Every cell in the human body requires protein. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization, 100 grams of dried caterpillars contain about 53 grams of protein. In comparison, 100 grams of lean ground beef contain 27 grams of protein. This means that insects are as good a protein source as traditional foods -- and in some cases, better.
Minerals
Insects are particularly good sources of calcium and iron. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in your body and is critical in keeping your bones strong. Iron plays an important role in storing oxygen in your red blood cells. Traditional protein sources, such as meat and fish, are inadequate sources of calcium; 100 grams of giant water beetles contain 43 milligrams of calcium, while 100 grams of ground beef contain no calcium. Additionally, 100 grams of giant water beetle contain about 14 milligrams of iron, while the same amount of ground beef contain 3.5 milligrams of iron.
Carbohydrates and Fats
Carbohydrates are your body's primary energy source. However, excess carbohydrates contribute to a number of adverse health effects, including obesity. Insects are low in carbs, which is beneficial for people following a high protein, low-carb diet. In addition, insects contain a small amount of fat. Low-fat foods are desirable because they decrease your risk of cardiovascular disease and other ill effects associated with a high-fat diet.
