When the body fails to produce adequate new blood cells, the resulting condition is called aplastic anemia. The Mayo Clinic explains this is a rare and serious condition that can affect people at any age. Generally, younger people are more likely to develop the condition. Treatment consists of blood transfusions, medications and sometimes a bone marrow transplant. Symptoms vary, but fatigue and an increased risk of infection or uncontrollable bleeding are common.
General Symptoms
Aplastic anemia can occur suddenly or can develop over time. Due to the lack of new blood cell production, the individual is likely to be weak. Fatigue can be chronic and occur after mild exertion. Aplastic anemia can cause shortness of breath after mild activity. Dizziness, diminished alertness and headache are common due to limited levels of oxygen in the blood, as red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body, explains the National Institutes of Health. Circulation of the blood helps maintain body temperature, so an individual with this condition may have cold hands and/or feet.
Skin Symptoms
A lack of red blood cells can lead to pale skin. Minor bumps can cause excessive bruising as the cells do not replicate quickly to heal tissue damage. It is common for individuals with aplastic anemia to experience unexplained bruising. A rash, called petechiae, can develop on the skin. It appears as pinpoint-sized red dots, caused by blood that has leaked from tiny blood vessels into the skin, states the Aplastic Anemia & MDS International Foundation.
Bleeding
A minor cut can lead to persistent or excessive bleeding. This can be a serious health concern in the event of a major injury. Frequent nosebleeds are also possible. The Mayo Clinic suggests aplastic anemia can lead to bleeding gums.
Susceptibility to Illness
When the body fails to produce adequate new blood cells, it becomes susceptible to infection. Fighting off illness becomes more difficult, as the blood plays a large role in helping repair the body. Chest pain is a sign of heart problems associated with this condition. Due to the reduced amount of oxygen in the blood, the heart has to work harder. This can lead to the development of heartbeat irregularities (arrhythmias), heart murmur, enlarged heart or heart failure.
