Metoprolol is a commonly prescribed medication used to treat high blood pressure and a heart disease called angina, which causes chest pain. It may also be prescribed to prevent migraine headaches. Metoprolol works by slowing the heart rate and dilating blood vessels. Many people take metoprolol in either its short- or long-acting forms, and it is considered generally safe if taken as prescribed. However, the Mayo Clinic advises against interrupting or stopping metoprolol without consulting a doctor first, and the FDA warns that potentially dangerous effects can occur when metoprolol is stopped abruptly.
Chest Pain
According to the FDA, patients who suddenly stopped metoprolol have experienced increases in chest pain. To prevent this effect, the dose of metoprolol should be reduced slowly over a period of one to two weeks while the patient is monitored by a doctor. These effects may be possible even in patients who take metoprolol for something other than angina.
Elevated Heart Rate
One of metoprolol’s effects is slowing the heart rate, and when patients suddenly stop taking this medication, a rebound effect may occur, causing the resting heart rate to rise above normal limits. The effect is temporary, but for patients with existing heart disease, an elevated heart rate may cause complications. The rebound effect can be avoided by gradually reducing the dose.
Worsening Heart Disease
According to the FDA, stopping metoprolol may cause worsening heart disease, including increased risk of heart attack. To minimize their risk, patients should decrease doses gradually under a doctor's supervision. They should also avoid intense physical exercise for a period after stopping this medication and should report any worsening symptoms to their doctors.
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