While researchers have known that fetal exposure to alcohol can have life-altering ramification, recent studies have identified a similar pattern with crystal methamphetamine or meth and crack cocaine. Since many of the behavioral patterns exhibited by children born with meth or crack in their systems do not appear until later in childhood, and because many can occur even in drug-free pregnancies, establishing a link can be difficult. Although meth and crack effects in utero depend on the amount and frequency of the drug use, it is important for adults around these children be aware of possible behaviors.
Irritability
Irritability and excessive crying is a common symptom experienced by newborns and infants exposed to both cocaine and meth, according to the Arizona Supreme Court's report titled "Neonatal Substance Exposure/Substance Exposed Newborns." These babies startle easy and have an inconsolable piercing cry that seems to come out of nowhere, even out of a deep sleep. Caretaking is challenging because normal methods of offering comfort often fail. In many cases, this behavior begins at birth and lasts through a baby's first birthday. Many children develop symptoms of irritability during their toddler or preschool years. These usually manifest as temper tantrums or aggressive behavior.
Sensory Integration Problems
Children exposed to meth or cocaine during their mother's pregnancy often experience sensory integration challenges, according to the National Abandoned Infants Assistance Resource Center. In an article written and presented by Dr. Rizwan Shah of the Des Moines, IA Blank Children's Hospital, these children respond negatively to affection including cuddling, hugging or touching. Titled "Children: The Real Victims of Meth Exposure," the report reveals that sensory integration issues can include an aversion to certain food textures, clothing fabrics, and even new environments or sensations. Dr. Shah notes that when children with extreme sensory integration problems enter school, these problems can morph into serious social maladjustment issues.
ADHD
Children born with cocaine in their systems often exhibit symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD. According to Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development researchers Drs. Gregg Stanwood and Pat Levitt, standard ADHD medications are not always effective, at least on children exposed to cocaine. Instead, doctors should combine the use of stimulants or other ADHD medications with behavioral therapies for maximum efficacy.
