Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a chronic disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. MS destroys a substance called myelin, which surrounds nerve fibers and is necessary for transmission of nerve impulses. Many other diseases and disorders affect the nervous system and share symptoms with MS. This sometimes makes the diagnosis of certain neurological disorders a confusing process. Laboratory tests, MRIs, and the patient's history of illness help to confirm a diagnosis.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the entire body. It often causes arthritic symptoms, and a rash across the nose and cheeks. Kidney, and blood involvement are common.
Distinguishing systemic lupus erythematosus from MS can be challenging, especially when it is early in the course of the illness. The two diseases share the symptoms of extreme fatigue, weakness, numbness, vision problems, mild cognitive impairment, digestive problems, and depression, according to the Multiple Sclerosis Foundation. In addition, both systemic lupus erythematosus and MS can have positive results for a blood test called ANA, or antinuclear antibody.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Like MS, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is another illness that causes damage to myelin in the brain and spinal cord. It is usually brought on by a reaction to a vaccination or to a virus, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. The illness occurs as a single attack, and does not have recurrent episodes, as does MS.
The onset of this condition is sometimes mistaken for early, severe symptoms of MS. Symptoms of the disorder that are similar to MS include, fatigue, weakness, vision disturbances, numbness, coordination problems, and paralysis.
Sjogren's Syndrome
Sjogren's syndrome is another chronic autoimmune illness that affects multiple body systems. Its main effects are on the mucus membranes of the body, causing dry eyes, and dry mouth. It can also affect the brain, kidneys, blood vessels, liver, and lungs, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders. Sjogren's syndrome sometimes occurs along with other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome can be mild or severe, and tend to come and go over time.
Some similarities between MS and Sjogren's are muscle pain, numbness, digestive problems, and trouble with speaking and swallowing.
