The signs of depression in men are sometimes recognized in much the same way as women---through expressing feelings and behaviors related to depression. Most men, however, feel the pressure of cultural expectations to avoid expressing emotions such as depression, which are perceived as contrary to societal and personal expectations of masculinity. For this reason, the signs of depression in men may be less obvious. Instead of expressing sadness, feelings of helplessness and powerlessness, a man is more likely to mask or attempt to compensate for his depression. These signs vary among men; with some men displaying all the signs and others only one or two.
Signs of Depression in Men
Step 1
Boredom
The underlying lack of interest and the fatigue that accompany depression is identified as boredom. The problem is externalized into the environment. When combined with blaming, the cause of boredom is often attributed to perceived changes in others.
Step 2
Withdrawal
The underlying feelings of helplessness and hopelessness that create a sense of vulnerability are compensated for by withdrawing from social or familial environments that can trigger awareness of these underlying feelings. Unfortunately, the pattern of isolation typically leads to greater interpersonal conflict and defensiveness.
Step 3
Blaming
Depression brings appetite and sleep disturbances. These classic symptoms of depression are often conceptualized by men as related to stress, excessive demands on their time and other resources, as well as possible minor medical problems. Blaming is not just used to externalize sleep and appetite problems, but is frequently present in an increase in interpersonal conflict, which is also a common sign of depression in men.
Step 4
Diminished Concentration and Psychomotor Changes
Many men find depression-related concentration problems and psychomotor changes (such and increased agitation or decreased hand-eye coordination) difficult to integrate into their self-image of being capable and competitive. These symptoms are often externalized by blaming faulty environment or equipment
Step 5
Increased Interpersonal Conflict
The irritation associated with depression is often externalized into blaming others for their errors, shortcomings or neglect. This typically results in an increase in conflict in all domains of life---peers, work and family. As conflict and tension build, depression is furthered complicated by concerns over the loss of intimate relationships or work.
Step 6
Increased Alcohol and Drug Use
Distressing emotions make the man feel the need to escape from them. Alcohol and drugs are often chosen to provide this escape. Although the substances have the advantage of short-term stress reduction, the physical, social, emotional and economic problems associated with addiction create more stress, isolation and, in the long run, depression.
References
- The New Handbook of Psychotherapy and Counseling with Men; G. Brooks and G. Good; 2001.
- "Gender-Sensitive Recommendations for Assessment and Treatment of Depression in Men" in Professional Psychology and Practice, Vol. 34, No.2, 132-140; Sam V. Cochran and Fredrick E. Rabinowitz; 2003.
