Zyrtec, the brand name for cetirizine hydrochloride, is an antihistamine that decreases histamine in the body as a treatment for allergy symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose and watery eyes. Also, cetirizine hydrochloride is used to treat urticaria, or hives. Allergies are hypersensitive reactions of the immune system in which histamines are released in response to the body's detection of antigens or potentially infectious agents. Thus an antihistamine inhibits the body's hypersensitive release of histamines, which reduces the allergy symptoms.
Common Side Effects
The common side effects of taking cetirizine hydrochloride usually are short-lasting as the body becomes accustomed to the medication. These effects include drowsiness, dizziness and fatigue. Other effects that may be experienced are headaches, dry mouth and nausea.
Moderate Effects
Cetirizine hydrochloride may cause side effects of increasing concern. For example, you can get sunburned more easily, thus protective clothing as well as avoiding direct sun and tanning booths may be required. Another potential effect involves new mothers. Specifically, cetirizine hydrochloride is found in breast milk, so precautions are needed if you are pregnant or have recently delivered. You should not breastfeed while taking this medication.
Elderly individuals tend to be more sensitive to the effects of this drug and should be monitored closely, as well as young children. This is because young children may experience stomachaches and have trouble sleeping if treated with cetirizine hydrochloride.
Serious Side Effects
Severe reactions to cetirizine hydrochloride have been documented. These reactions include breathing difficulty, chest pain or tightness and irregular heartbeat. Other major effects sometimes experienced are hives with itching, swelling of the face and tongue and changes in mood or mental state. Additionally, individuals have complained of dizziness and fainting and dark urine output. In some cases, seizures, unusual bleeding or bruising and jaundice have been reported. If any of these side effects occur, immediate medical attention is needed.
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