Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin and cyanocobalamin, is one of the eight B-complex vitamins. Vitamin B12 is necessary for metabolism, DNA synthesis, production of red blood cells and maintenance of healthy nerve cells, according to FamilyDoctor.org. B12 is naturally found in animal products such as meat, fish, milk and eggs. B12 is also added to fortified foods such as breakfast cereals. Overdosing on vitamin B12 can lead to several health problems.
Heart Failure
Excess vitamin B12 may cause the heart to stop pumping properly, leading to symptoms of heart failure, according to Drugs.com. Vitamin B12 injections are more likely to cause immediate problems to the heart because the vitamins are administered directly into the bloodstream. Patients with heart problems should avoid taking over-the-counter vitamins without their doctor's approval.
Kidney and Liver Problems
Excess vitamin B12 can damage liver and kidney cells, leading to symptoms of liver and kidney failure, according to Drugs.com. B12 is metabolized in the liver and its by-products are removed from the body by the kidneys. Exposure of the liver to high levels of B12 may cause damage to liver cells, leading to inflammation and scar formation. Kidney tubules may also be damaged by excess of B12 as it is excreted from the body. Patients with liver and kidney problems should consult their doctor before taking over-the-counter vitamins containing B12.
Blood Clots
Excess vitamin B12 can lead to formation of blood clots in major blood vessels. Blood clots are dangerous because they prevent the flow of blood to body organs, which can cause organ failure, according to Drugs.com. Blood clots may also block blood vessels that transport blood to the heart and brain leading to heart attack and stroke. B12 supplements should be used cautiously to prevent blood clots. Patients with previous histories of blood clots, stroke and heart attack should avoid taking vitamin B12.
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