Macrolide Side Effects

Macrolides are a class of antibiotic that includes the medication clarithromycin. These types of antibiotics are used to treat certain bacterial infections, including pneumonia and bronchitis, as well as infections of the ear, nose, throat and sinuses. Macrolides may also be used to treat the bacteria that causes stomach ulcers as well as a specific kind of bacteria (mycobacteria) that can infect people with suppressed immune systems.

Common Side Effects

Certain side effects of using macrolides are fairly common, which means they are experienced by between five and ten percent of all people. The most common side effect is a gastrointestinal disturbance that can manifest itself as nausea, indigestion or diarrhea. Some patients also complain of abdominal discomfort or vomiting. In addition to these side effects, macrolides can cause a headache and changes in taste. Although uncomfortable, these side effects are temporary and will usually cease when the macrolide is no longer taken. You should only contact your doctor if these adverse effects or unbearable or if they persist after you stop taking your course of macrolides.

Allergic Side Effects

Some people may develop an allergic reaction to macrolides. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to macrolides vary and range from mild to life-threatening. Stop taking any macrolides immediately if you develop any sort of a rash or hives, as well as swelling of the lips, face or tongue. If you have difficulty breathing or swallowing or tightness in your chest, this may also be a sign of an allergic reaction and you should stop taking macrolides immediately. Be sure to contact your doctor as well, as an allergic reaction is reason to stop taking macrolides and switch to a different antibiotic.

Serious Side Effects

Macrolide use can also cause other serious side effects. One is called pseudomembranous colitis, which can cause severe diarrhea after you stop using macrolides. This is because the antibiotics may kill some of the harmless bacteria in your intestines and allow other bacteria to overgrow, leading to a strong bacterial infection. Other serious adverse effects include fever, confusion, bloody diarrhea, hallucinations and depression or sudden mood swings. Because macrolides can also be toxic to the liver, stop taking macrolides immediately if you experience any yellowing of your skin or eyes or pain on the right side of your abdomen. In these cases, contact your doctor immediately to assess your liver health.