Cobalamin, known as B-12, is available in three forms, including cyanocobalamin, known as cyano-B-12 and methylcobalamin, called methyl-B-12. Both forms of B-12 assist the body in energy production and are co-factors in several functions, including manufacturing thyroid hormones and producing red blood cells. B-12 supplementation can be beneficial if deficiencies exist.
Cyanocobalamin
Cyanocobalamin is a common form of B-12 found mainly in dairy, fish and meat. It is converted by the body to methyl-B-12 for more active use. Cyanocobalamin is not involved in as many processes as methy-B-12 and is considered a less active form. It is less expensive to manufacture synthetically, making it more widely available.
Methyl-B-12
Methyl-B-12, known as methylcobalamin, is considered a more active form of B-12. It is involved in more functions than cyanocobalamin and requires no conversion by the body prior to use. It is more costly to manufacture in synthetic form than cyanocobalamin, making it less available as a supplement. If a deficiency exists, your doctor will determine which form of B-12 is best for you.
Advantages
Methyl-B-12 is considered more active than cyanocobalamin, due to its ability to effect homocysteine levels. Cyanocobalamin does not participate in homocysteine activity. High levels of homocysteine are thought to contribute to dementia, Alzheimer's and schizophrenia. It can also clog arteries and increasing coronary artery disease risk. High homocysteine levels is also indicated in kidney disease, stroke, pulmonary embolism and underactive thyroid. Methyl-B-12 lowers homocysteine levels, giving it an advantage over cyanocobalamin.
Considerations
Most people receive adequate cyanocobalamin through food. Since the body converts cyanocobalamin to methyl-B-12, it may not be necessary to supplement. Some individuals have a genetic inability to convert cyanocobalamin to methyl-B-12. Others have a poor ability to make this conversion. In these instances, a methyl-B-12 supplement can help. Unless a deficiency exists, it may not be necessary to supplement either form of B-12.
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