Cholesterol is often associated with coronary disease, but you actually need a certain amount of cholesterol for normal bodily functions, such as making vitamin D. The problem is when your cholesterol levels are higher than necessary, at which point the excess collects in your blood vessels and increases your risk of heart disease and stroke. The American Heart Association recommends a total blood cholesterol below 200 mg/dl. There is no lower limit for total cholesterol, but there may be health risks associated with a total cholesterol below 160 mg/dl.
Very Low Total Cholesterol
The American Heart Association and the Mayo Clinic both report the possibility of the increased risk of health complications with a total cholesterol below 160 mg/dl. The complications include cancer, anxiety, depression and problems in pregnancy including preterm birth and low birth rate. Why these risks exist is unclear and there is some debate as to whether the low cholesterol level is the true culprit. The body does need some cholesterol and the American Heart Association advises that it is not necessary to go below 160 mg/dl.
LDL Cholesterol
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is also known as the "bad" cholesterol that clogs your arteries. The recommended maximum level of LDL cholesterol is 129 mg/dl where less than 100 mg/dl is considered optimal. There is no absolute minimum for LDL cholesterol but a level above 129 mg/dl is considered borderline and anything above 160 mg/dl is considered high. The higher your level of LDL cholesterol, the greater your risk for disease.
HDL Cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein (HDL), or "good" cholesterol, is a high-density lipid that helps keep your blood vessels clear. HDL cholesterol actually attracts the LDL cholesterol, binds with it and flushes it out of your body through the intestinal tract. Healthy adults need a minimum of 40 mg/dl for men and 50 mg/dl for women. Having less than the minimum puts you at significant risk for heart disease. If your total cholesterol is less than 160 mg/dl, you may have cardiovascular risks if your HDL is lower than the minimum for your gender and your LDL is higher than 129 mg/dl.
Conclusion
The health risks associated with extremely low total cholesterol are not entirely clear. However, several resources, including the Mayo Clinic and American Heart Association, do specify a recommended healthy range. Focus on keeping your individual HDL and LDL numbers within that healthy range and consult your physician.
