Spirulina, a blue-green algae found wild in warm-water alkaline volcanic lakes, has long been a staple food for numerous cultures. The two most common species of this "super food" for human consumption is Arthrospira maxima and Arthrospira platensis. Spirulina is found in the Eastern as well as Central African diets and has been growing in popularity around the world because of its rich nutritional benefits.
Production
Commercial production of algae in algae farms has had tremendous growth as the demand for this nutrient-rich food has spread to over 70 countries. The United States provides the world's largest source of spirulina with Thailand, India and China falling close behind. Spirulina is also sold as a source of protein, as a B-vitamin and iron supplement. Before taking any supplement, consult with your health care provider.
Bioavailability
Algae contain bioavailable proteins, which are readily absorbed by the body. This bioavailability is attributable to the fact that spirulina has a soft cell wall consisting of protein and complex sugars that are easily digested. Additional nutrients include beta carotene as well as other carotenoids including chlorophyll and GLA, an essential fatty acid. Spirulina is also rich in vitamin B-12.
Ingredients
Over 50 percent of the plant is rich in essential amino acids. One of the most abundant ingredients in spirulina is a compound called phycocyanin, a phytonutrient that gives algae a dark blue-green color. Another ingredient is phenylalanine, an essential amino acid that the body converts into other amino acids that are used to make proteins. Spirulina also stimulates the production of red blood cells.
Use
While not conclusively proved by scientific study, spirulina has been touted as having anticancer and antiviral properties, as well as providing immune support by activating macrophages, T-cells and B-cells. Spirulina also supports the immune activity produced by the spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph system, tonsils and thymus gland. In naturopathic medicine, spirulina has also been used to reduce high levels of blood cholesterol, in the reduction of high blood pressure and to stabilize diabetes. It is also used to detoxify the body.
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