Metformin is an oral prescription medication for people with type 2 diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes. It works to lower blood glucose levels and improve the ability of cells to absorb glucose to produce energy. However, like all medications, metformin can cause interactions with other drugs and nutrients and negatively impact other body processes, including the absorption of vitamins. Your doctor may prescribe metformin as part of a complete diabetes treatment program and will monitor your blood glucose and nutrient levels regularly.
Function
Metformin is a common medication for type 2 diabetes and belongs to a group of drugs called biguanides. It functions to decrease blood sugar levels by slowing the absorption of glucose from the intestines and the release of glucose by the liver. It also works to improve the response of the tissues and muscles to the hormone insulin, so that more glucose is taken up into the cells where it can be used to produce energy. Diabetes.co.uk notes that when taken on its own, without other diabetes medications, metformin is unlikely to cause weight gain or low blood glucose levels.
Vitamins and Metformin
A study published in the "Archives of Internal Medicine" in 2006, reports that metformin can hinder the absorption of vitamin B-12 by your body. This can cause an increase risk of B-12 deficiency in patients that use metformin. Vitamin B-12 is a water-soluble essential nutrient that is important for several body functions including the production of erythrocytes or red blood cells. A deficiency can lead to a condition called anemia, causing fatigue, weakness and low energy. Hence, patients taking metformin are advised to take vitamin B-12 supplements. Though metformin is not known to cause adverse interactions with other vitamins, it is also important to have all nutrient levels checked during regular health check-ups.
How to Take Metformin
Drugs.com advises that metformin should be taken exactly as prescribed by your doctor, for the effective control of blood glucose levels in diabetes. This medication should be taken in the prescribed dosage with a meal. Metformin is also available in an extended release form that is taken only once a day. The pill should be swallowed whole and not broken or crushed. It is important to continue checking your blood glucose levels several times a day, even while taking diabetes medication.
Risks
Metformin can cause a serious condition called lactic acidosis, in which the blood becomes acidic. Drugs.com warns that you are at higher risk for this adverse effect if you have a severe infection, liver or kidney disease, congestive heart failure or are dehydrated. Additionally, avoid alcohol as it decreases blood glucose levels and increases the risk of lactic acidosis while on metformin. Patients who are undergoing an x-ray or CT scan that requires contrast dye to be injected into the veins will need to temporarily cease metformin as it can adversely interact with the dye.
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