Characteristic Properties Of Potassium Nitrate

Potassium nitrate is a water-soluble mineral that occurs naturally and is available in crystal or powder form. Potassium nitrate is also known as saltpeter and niter. A possible application of potassium nitrate is as a component of gunpowder. Potassium nitrate is also used as an ingredient in toothpaste and helps strengthen the enamel of your teeth. Potassium nitrate has been associated with side effects such as itching and skin rash.

Physical Properties and Composition

Potassium nitrate is usually white or gray, but impurities sometimes cause it to appear yellow or brown. Crystalline potassium nitrate is typically translucent and tends to fracture unevenly. Potassium nitrate burns with a violet flame when subjected to a flame test. This is due to the potassium content of the mineral. Potassium nitrate is composed of potassium and nitrogen atoms. Its nitrogen atoms are surrounded by 3 oxygen atoms to form a triangular ion. Potassium nitrate has an ion charge of -1 and the bonds between its nitrogen and oxygen components are generally strong.

Uses

Potassium nitrate is typically used to make explosives, fireworks, matches and fertilizer. Potassium nitrate is also used in food preservatives and facilitates the manufacture of nitric acid and glass. Additionally, potassium nitrate is used in medications meant to treat wounds on the skin as well as oral, rectal and vaginal mucous membranes, the University of Maryland Medical Center notes. Other medical applications for potassium nitrate include treating small ulcers and wart removal.

Side Effects

Potassium nitrate has been associated with side effects such as methemoglobinemia, according to a case study published in the September 2007 issue of "The Israel Medical Association Journal." Methemoglobin is hemoglobin that has impaired oxygen-carrying capacity. The study involved a 37-year-old woman who had deficient levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Exposure to potassium nitrate induced methemoglobinemia. The condition developed into severe hemolytic anemia and her muscle tissue was damaged. The patient's methemoglobin level upon admission was about 46 percent. Other adverse effects associated with potassium nitrate include chemical burns, swelling of the facial area, breathing difficulties and bluish-gray skin discoloration, the University of Maryland Medical Center notes.

Safety

You should not use potassium nitrate medication or toothpaste for more than 4 weeks, Drugs.com advises. Due to potential adverse effects induced in adults, potassium nitrate is generally not recommended for children below the age of 12. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using potassium nitrate. Always seek medical advice prior to using potassium nitrate to lower your risk of potential adverse effects.