Black tongue disease occurs as a result of a variety of factors. It sometimes develops idiopathically, meaning an exact medical explanation cannot be found. Black tongue can be a frightening experience, but the condition represents a simple overgrowth of bacteria in the mouth and remains entirely harmless. That said, poor nutrition plays a significant role in some cases of black tongue. Speak to your doctor or health care provider about possible nutritional factors if you develop black tongue.
Causes
Treatment with antibiotics represents one of the principal causes of black tongue disease, according to John Murtagh, Ph.D., emeritus professor in General Practice at Monash University in Australia. Antibiotics affect the balance of normal fungi and yeast in the mouth; this can lead to a proliferation of the bacteria behind black tongue disease. Other causes, according to MayoClinic.com, include heavy smoking; inadequate oral hygiene; mouth breathing; mouthwashes that contain peroxide, witch hazel or menthol; and bismuth, a medication present in many upset-stomach remedies.
Raw Foods
A low-fiber diet devoid of fresh fruit and vegetables also triggers some cases of black tongue disease, according to Dr. Murtagh. Adding fiber to the diet can help treat the condition; foods appropriate to this purpose include high-fiber cereals; raw fruits and vegetables such as carrots, apples, celery and broccoli; and citrus fruits like lemons. Adequate water intake is also imperative. Dr. Murtagh recommends eight cups of water per day to keep the tongue well hydrated.
Pineapple
Fruits rich in vitamin C also lessen the severity of black tongue disease, according to Dr. Murtagh. An especially good nutritional choice is pineapple. Daily intake of pineapple slices for seven to 10 days, or until the tongue returns to its normal color, is recommended.
Prevention
Black tongue disease can also relate to oral hygiene. Prevention involves brushing the tongue regularly, particularly after eating, and flossing after each meal. Heavy smokers need to quit, and those who develop black tongue disease due to inadequate nutrition need to add more fresh foods to their diet. If you are taking antibiotics and develop black tongue disease, you'll typically find the tongue returns to normal once you discontinue the medication. But be sure to seek medical clearance before you stop taking any antibiotic.
