Oxycodone is a narcotic pain reliever approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It belongs to a class of drugs called opoid analgesics and is usually given around-the-clock. Oxycodone can cause many side effects that range from mild to severe.
Sleepiness and Dizziness
Oxycodone can cause drowsiness or extreme sleepiness in about 24 percent of individuals. Dizziness is also seen in about 16 percent of users, and general weakness in about 7 percent. Driving or operating machinery should be avoided until the effects of the medication are known. Any activity that requires you to be alert should be avoided as well.
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea is also common with the administration of oxycodone and can occur in up to 27 percent of users. About 14 percent of users report vomiting, while dry mouth, called xerostamia, is seen in up to 7 percent. Abdominal pain and loss of appetite may also occur. Small, frequent meals may help diminish these adverse effects. Since constipation can occur in up to 26 percent of users, exercise and get plenty of fiber and liquids to keep bowels moving.
Itchiness
Itchiness may occur in up to 13 percent of people taking oxycodone. The appearance of a rash is not as common, occurring in up to 5 percent of people. This condition is not serious, but should be reported to your doctor if it persists or worsens.
Orthostatic Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension, is a sudden drop in blood pressure that occurs upon standing. It may be seen in up to 5 percent of oxycodone users, and is more common among the elderly. Rise slowly when moving from a sitting or lying position into a standing position and use caution when climbing stairs.
Respiratory Depression
Respiratory depression happens when the rate of breathing falls below normal. Shallow breathing or difficulty breathing may be signs of respiratory depression and requires immediate medical help.
Psychological Side Effects
There are several psychological side effects seen with oxycodone use. Confusion, nervousness, and anxiety affects up to 5 percent of users. Headache is sometimes experienced as well as abnormal dreams, thought abnormalities and euphoria. Use caution when engaging in activities that require alertness.
References
- "Drug Information Handbook 15th Edition"; Charles F. Lacy, RPh, PharmD, FCSHP, Lora L. Armstrong, RPh, PharmD, BCPS. et al; 2007
- "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach"; Joseph T. Dipiro, Robert L. Talbert, et al; 2008
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