Suicide is not always the end result of depression; however, untreated depression can increase the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and attempts. When a person experiences severe depression, acting upon the thoughts of harm to self is less likely to occur due to lack of energy to commit the act. It is when the depression lifts and energy levels increase that plans for suicide and actual attempts are made. According to the Mayo Clinic, knowing risk factors can be imperative in supporting a person experiencing depression that can lead to suicide. There are several considerations in understanding the relationship between depression and suicide, such as facts, symptoms of depression, signs of suicidal behavior, support and prevention.
Facts About Depression and Suicide
According to the most current U.S. data reported by the American Association of Suicidology of suicide rates in 2006, suicide ranks as the 11th cause of death in the United States, with an average of one person committing suicide every 15 minutes. Often a person attempts suicide between eight to 25 times before successful completion. The majority of suicidal attempts are preceded by symptoms of depression and extreme distress. They are not just attempts at gaining attention but an actual desire to no longer live in this world.
Symptoms of Depression
Depression can affect each person differently and can range from mild, moderate, to severe when diagnosed. Depression that is significant lasts two or more weeks and can include any of the following symptoms: persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest in normal daily activities, sleep disturbance, change in appetite, easy irritation and increased anger, restlessness, slowed thinking and movement, loss of energy and extreme fatigue, feeling worthless, increased self blame, isolation and withdrawing from others, neglect of appearance, difficulty concentrating and making decisions, crying spells, physical pain and frequent thoughts of death or suicide.
Signs of Suicidal Behavior
A certain sign of suicidal behavior is when a person is speaking seriously about wanting to harm himself; however, most signs are less obvious. It is not uncommon that a person who takes his life expressed intent in some form or fashion prior to death. A high-risk indicator of potential suicide is if the person has prior attempts, is being treated for depression symptoms, is depressed and using drugs or alcohol, has a history of being abused or has a serious medical illness. In addition to the high-risk factors, common suicidal behaviors include: when a person secures the means such as getting a weapon or a large quantity of pills, starts giving away prized personal possessions, changes her daily routine, engages in risky behaviors not typical of the person and saying goodbye to people in a way intended as an ending to the relationship.
Support for Depression and Suicide
Understanding risks and signs of depression and suicide can make a difference in a person getting help and staying alive. The unfortunate reality of being determined to die is of no fault to the support person, but there are things that can be done to try to help a person who is depressed and expressing an intent to die. Asking a loved one or friend if he has an intent to die provides an opportunity for that person to share what he is experiencing. If the person speaks on the topic, being direct with open-ended questions can further provide a forum for sharing. Offering to take the person to an emergency room, counselor, psychiatrist or doctor is another form of proactive support to help decrease the chance of an attempt. If the person is not willing to speak on the topic but the signs are clear that imminent danger of a suicide attempt is coming, do not leave the person alone and do call for emergency medical help. This will allow the person to get a proper risk evaluation for further treatment.
Depression-Related Suicide Prevention
To prevent suicide it is important to recognize the depression that exists and accept treatment for the depression. Psychotherapy and medication for treating the depression are key steps toward suicide prevention. Developing a safe support network such as close friends and family who are willing to talk when thoughts of suicide occur can be helpful as well as contacting national suicide prevention hotlines.
