1. Oligohydramnios: Not Enough Amniotic Fluid
Amniotic fluid is what fills that comfy pool your baby-to-be floats, flips, and lounges around in for nine months. Aside from cushioning him from trauma, it also helps to maintain a constant temperature in the womb, prevents against infection, and supplies him with plenty of nourishment. In a non-complicated pregnancy, you'll naturally produce the perfect amount of amniotic fluid to keep your baby comfy and healthy. But sometimes, you'll have too little amniotic fluid. This condition, also called "oligohydramnios", occurs among about 8 percent of moms-to-be, most of whom go on to have completely normal pregnancies. However, the condition does raise red flags as it sometimes accompanies fetal defects--such as problems in the digestive or urinary system--and it may restrict your baby's growth in the womb.
2. Hydramnios:Too Much Amniotic Fluid
On the flipside, 3 to 4 percent of expected moms have too much amniotic fluid (also called "hydramnios"). In many cases, this is a temporary and naturally-occurring condition that causes no undue harm onto your baby. But excessive amniotic fluid may be a sign of a fetal defect, such as kidney or bladder issues, or a swallowing problem (which can be linked to a facial deformity like a cleft lip or palate.)
3. Signs and Symptoms of Abnormal Amniotic Fluid Levels
Chances are, you'll have a hard time determining whether your baby's swimming in the right amount of amniotic fluid. Decreased fetal movement is the most obvious sign of low levels; otherwise, your doctor would have to determine a lack of amniotic fluid via an ultrasound which can measure pockets of fluid to estimate the total volume. As for too much fluid, you may experience related symptoms like abdominal discomfort, indigestion, swelling in the legs, breathlessness, or hemorrhoids. But again, a routine ultrasound must be performed to determine whether the amniotic fluid is causing these problems.
4. How to Treat Abnormal Amniotic Fluid Levels
Typically, bed rest and oral or IV hydration will work to replenish low levels of amniotic fluid. In more severe cases, your doctor may suggest an amnioinfusion, which pumps extra fluid into your uterus via a catheter. And if you're close to your due date, many doctors will opt to induce labor. For high levels of amniotic fluid, amniocentesis will be performed to remove some fluid, or your doctor may prescribe medication that reduces your baby's urine output. If any complications arise and appear to endanger your baby in any way, early delivery might be the only option. Close monitoring by your doctor as well as frequent follow-up visits will ensure that you--and your baby--are getting the best care possible.
