Propane is a clear, flammable gas derived from petroleum that is widely used for cooking and heating. Because of propane's ready storage and handling as a liquid in dedicated tanks and cylinders, it's also popular for portable applications like outdoor cooking stoves. Propane safety procedures are fairly simple, and are very important to follow judiciously. Errors in the handling or use of propane gas and propane stoves can lead to a fire, explosion or poisoning.
Transporting Propane
According to Department of Transportation regulations and manufacturer safety guidelines, there are several rules governing the transportation of the propane fuel that powers propane stoves. For example, propane bottles should always be transported upright, and must not be allowed to roll, bounce or fall. Propane bottles should also never be kept in a hot car, and the bottles should only be transported in a well-ventilated area of the vehicle. They should be removed from your car promptly upon arrival at the destination.
Attaching Propane to Your Stove
Check to make sure that the connectors, valves and tank body are in good working condition. If any parts of the cylinder or stove have substantial rust, do not attach propane or light the stove. Don't try to modify any of the connection equipment, or try to bend or force any hoses, valves, connectors or other components that link the propane cylinder to the stove body. These tightly-engineered parts are designed for a precise fit that prevents propane leakage and reduces the risk of a fire or explosion.
Check Tank and Connector Integrity
Several times during the season, conduct a "bubble test" to check for propane gas leaks. This can be done by applying soapy water to the joint between the propane bottle and the stove's regulator and hose. Slowly open the tank's valve, and watch the water to see if bubbles appear. Bubbles indicate gas leakage. Loosen and reconnect the bottle to the regulator, and retest. If bubbles appear again, you need to take your stove and/or propane cylinders in for evaluation and likely repair.
Placement, Ignition and Use
Place your stove away from any nearby brush or overhanging trees or bushes, and rest it on a non-flammable surface. Make sure your stove is firmly planted and can't be easily knocked over or disturbed. Keep dry brush or leaves, paper utensils and children away from the cooking area.
Propane burners can give off enormous amounts of heat, even more than household kitchen burners. Keep watch over cooking food at all times.
Most stoves use built-in igniters. If the stove fails to ignite, immediately turn off the propane valve and burner knobs, wait one minute for the released gas to disperse and try again. It is generally not recommended to light the stove with a match or lighter.
Take note of local climate and fire safety conditions, and be aware of regulations that may prohibit the use of propane stoves during periods of high fire-risk.
Stove Safety and Carbon Monoxide
Because propane stoves emit carbon monoxide, or CO, it is critical that you only use your stove outdoors and in a well-ventilated space. Carbon monoxide is odorless and colorless, and accumulated CO displaces oxygen in the bloodstream and can cause death. Never use your propane stove in a tent, trailer or vehicle.
Packing Up and Disposal
When you're ready to break down and pack up your stove, turn off the main propane valve and the stove's burners. When the stove is cool, disconnect the propane canister. If you smell a strong gas odor or hear a hissing noise, leave the area immediately.
If the propane cylinder is ready for disposal, transport it upright to a propane retailer or recycling center. Propane cylinders must not be refilled unless certified as safe for refill.
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