Shortness of breath has a variety of possible causes. Blockage of the air passages in the nose, mouth and throat result in breathing difficulty. Anxiety, heart and lung problems also accompany shortness of breath. MayoClinic.com indicates that breathing complications are often associated with a medical condition and require medical evaluation for further treatment.
Lung Complications
Chronic lung disease such as COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, develops from chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The lungs are unable to process air through the trachea and bronchial tubes causing obstruction in the movement of oxygen into the blood as carbon dioxide moves out of the blood. The American Academy of Family Physicians notes that shortness of breath, wheezing and tightness in the chest are common symptoms of COPD. Further complications associated with this breathing problem include susceptibility for contracting colds and the flu as well as strain on the heart. Increased pressure in the vessels that move blood to the lungs also creates complications perpetuating breathing problems.
Heart Complications
Irregular heartbeat, also referred to as arrhythmias, and heart disease is associated with the symptom of shortness of breath. Heart disease such as congestive heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently either due to uncontrolled high blood pressure or other medical conditions. The U.S. National Library of Medicine explains that additional complications resulting from lack of normal blood oxygen to the heart may cause heart valve damage and inflammation.
Asthma, Anxiety and Allergies
MayoClinic.com explains that swollen and narrowed airways is associated with breathing problems in asthma. Although symptoms are medically treatable, there is no cure for asthma. Anxiety and panic disorder symptoms may include hyperventilation, or over-breathing, which causes the sensation of feeling breathless. Inflammation in the mucous membranes from allergies are also associated with shortness of breath. Complications from these disorders include disruptions in daily activity, permanent narrowing of the breathing passages and discomfort.
