Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that can affect the body in many ways. The decreased activity of the nervous system common in Parkinson's may affect the heart and cause hypotension, or low blood pressure. Hypotension can also be exacerbated by the medications taken by Parkinson's patients. It is important to treat hypotension in Parkinson's patients, as low blood pressure can lead to dizziness, light-headedness and an increased chance of a fall.
Patient Education
Both the elderly and those with Parkinson's disease are prone to a condition called orthostatic hypotension. This is a condition where blood pressure drops dramatically after changing position. It commonly occurs when standing up too quickly after lying down. The National Center for Biotechnology Information states that patient education should be the first step in treatment. This means educating the patient about this condition and how to prevent it. Understanding which medications can cause this side effect is an important component, so that the patient can make adjustments when these medications are at their strongest. In addition, after lying down, a patient should always sit for a few moments before attempting to stand, to allow blood pressure to equalize. The patent should learn to become aware of sensations of dizziness and loss of balance when changing positions, and allow more time for the body to adjust.
Medication Adjustments
Hypotension may occur as a side effect of medications. Parkinson's patients are often on several medications at the same time, which can increase the risk of side effects. For some patients, there may need to be a trial and error period where adjustments to the dosage, type and timing of medication can be tried. Keeping a journal of what medications are taken and what side effects occur will help a physician to detect where problems are occurring. Informing the health care team about all medications, including prescription, over-the-counter and herbal remedies being taken, will also help in determining negative drug interactions.
Dietary Changes
Sometimes making changes to diet can help manage hypotension in Parkinson's patients, says the Oregon Health and Science University. Under a doctor's advice, increasing intake of salty foods, water and caffeinated coffee may all help to raise blood pressure. Drinking enough fluids is especially important, as dehydration can make blood pressure drop too low. In addition, avoiding large meals--blood pressure may drop when the body is digesting a lot of food--and staying away from alcohol or hot showers and baths can all aid in preventing a drop in pressure.
Compression Stockings and Medication
According to the Mayo Clinic, wearing compression stockings can help some Parkinson's patients. The stockings can create pressure in the legs that will help to pump the blood back up to the heart. This can be helpful in cases where the blood is pooling in the legs, which can lead to a drop in blood pressure. In cases where symptoms from hypotention are severe, there are medications that can be used to try to normalize blood pressure. A physician can perform an exam and consider a patient's full medical history and decide if one of these options is right.
