Zoloft, or sertraline, is an antidepressant from the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, or SSRI, family. It is prescribed to treat depressive disorders, anxiety and other mental health conditions. Like other SSRIs, Zoloft may cause weight changes in some people. Understanding the nature of weight gain or loss while taking Zoloft allows patients to make necessary lifestyle adjustments to prevent complications.
Prevalence
Weight loss is a common side effect of Zoloft, affecting children and adolescents more frequently than adults. According to E Med TV, 7 percent of children taking Zoloft experienced weight loss of greater than 7 percent of their body weight. Weight gain, however, is a relatively rare side effect of Zoloft, affecting only 1 percent of patients. It is not currently known whether the medication itself or a combination of lifestyle changes, underlying conditions and other factors is to blame for weight gain in patients taking Zoloft.
Signs and Symptoms
Weight loss is often preceded by appetite loss, nausea upon eating, and disinterest in food preparation and consumption. Reduced caloric intake and occasionally an increase in physical activity because of reduced depressive symptoms are usually the primary causes of weight loss in patients taking Zoloft. Increased appetite, binge eating, food cravings and preoccupation with food are commonly associated with weight gain in people who take Zoloft. Poor dietary choices, such as eating foods high in saturated fats and sugars, are a major cause of weight gain for many people.
Complications
Weight changes of 5 to 10 pounds are unlikely to cause serious health problems in most people. However, rapid weight gain or loss can result in an unhealthy body weight. According to NHS Choices, underweight people are more likely to suffer from reduced immunity, low energy levels and nutritional deficiencies. In addition, underweight women may have irregular menstrual cycles and reduced fertility. Overweight issues and obesity are endemic in the United States. The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute states that overweight people are at an increased risk for heart disease, type II diabetes, sleep apnea and several types of cancer.
Prevention/Solution
The best way to prevent excessive weight gain or weight loss while taking Zoloft is to adhere to a healthy diet and exercise regularly. Fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meat and low-fat dairy products are excellent choices for a healthy diet. Strength-training exercises may help build muscle mass in underweight patients, while regular aerobic exercise like running or cycling can help burn calories in those who are overweight.
Considerations
Not all patients taking Zoloft experience weight changes or other side effects. Weight gain and loss are generally most pronounced at the beginning of treatment and often level off after a few months. If weight changes are persistent or severe, your doctor may adjust the dose of medication or prescribe other treatments.
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