While a number of over-the-counter medications and herbal preparations promise weight loss, the list of prescription weight loss medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration is short. Medications approved for use include drugs for short-term use of 12 weeks or fewer and drugs that can be taken long-term. Weight loss medications have significant side effects and should be taken only by people with large amounts of weight to lose, MayoClinic.com states.
Phentermine
Phentermine, an amphetamine-like stimulant drug that suppresses appetite, is approved for short-term use only for weight loss. Phentermine can cause dependence in some people and may be abused by people who take the drug for purposes other than its prescribed use. Typical side effects include dizziness, nervousness, trouble sleeping, high blood pressure and increased heart rate. Taking the drug before 6 p.m. helps avoid insomnia. Phentermine should not be stopped abruptly but rather should be tapered off slowly, Drugs.com states. Combining phentermine with other diet drugs such as fenfluramine, a combination called Phen-Fen, can cause serious lung disease called pulmonary hypertension.
Diethylpropion
Diethylpropion has similar properties and side effects to phentermine, suppressing appetite with its amphetamine-like characteristics. Side effects also include dizziness, nervousness, high blood pressure, dry mouth and rapid heart rate, along with confusion, hallucinations and abnormal behavior. Diethylpropion can also be habit forming and abused.
Orlistat
Orlistat, sold as Xenical, works by blocking about 30 percent of the fat eaten in foods, says Judith Stern, Sc.D., a professor of nutrition and internal medicine at the University of California, Davis. Orlistat, which causes mild weight loss, is also available in lower doses over the counter as Alli. The unabsorbed fat passes through the intestines, causing increased amounts of abdominal cramping; gas; and loose, oily stools. Orlistat is currently under investigation by the FDA for possibly causing liver disease. This connection has not been proven, but people taking Orlistat should watch for signs of liver damage such as yellowing of the skin, fatigue, fever or dark urine, MayoClinic.com states. Orlistat can be taken long term for weight loss.
Sibutramine
Sibutramine, sold as Meridia, changes brain chemistry by affecting serotonin and other neurotransmitters. The drug also increases metabolism, aiding with weight loss. Sibutramine can increase heart rate and blood pressure. People with heart conditions should avoid sibutramine. Sibutramine must not be used in conjunction with decongestants, asthma medications or certain antidepressants called MAO inhibitors, Stern notes. The drug has not proven particularly effective in the long run, but can be given long-term, Stern adds.
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